1. The international atomic energy agency (iaea), as a multidisciplinary organization, through a balanced approach to include energy security, human health and food security, water resources management, nuclear safety and nuclear security and nonproliferation, global challenges associated with nuclear technology for implementing the "seek to accelerate and expand atomic energy contribution to the world peace, health and prosperity" of legal targets.  Nuclear technology 2. Iaea promotes the exchange of nuclear information and knowledge in the field of nuclear technology, carries out capacity-building and transfers technology to member states, mainly through technical cooperation programmes, with the aim of promoting, upon request, the use of nuclear science and related technologies in order to meet the socio-economic needs of member states in a safe, reliable and sustainable manner. Nuclear powerStatus and trend of nuclear power and expected growth3. By the end of 2011, there were 435 power reactors in operation with a total capacity of 369 gigawatts (gw), down 2% from the beginning of the year.The reduction is due to the permanent retirement of 13 reactors.Twelve of the 13 reactors, four at fukushima daiichi, eight in Germany and one permanently retired in Britain, were retired as a result of the Tokyo electric power company's fukushima daiichi plant accident.Seven new reactors were added to the grid, up from five in 2010, two in 2009 and zero in 2008.The fukushima daiichi accident has slowed but not reversed the expansion of nuclear power.The agency's post-accident forecast for global nuclear capacity in 2030 is 7-8% lower than its pre-accident forecast.Installed capacity is currently projected to grow to 501 gigawatts (gw) in the low-value forecast and 746 gw in the high-value forecast by 2030.In the low estimates, the number of reactors in operation is expected to increase by about 90 by 2030.Most of the growth is likely to take place in countries that already have nuclear plants in service, with Asian member states and the Russian federation expected to be at the centre of the expansion.Of the 64 new power reactors under construction at the end of 2011, 26 were in China, 10 in the Russian federation, six in India and five in the republic of Korea.But some countries, such as Germany, have decided to phase out and stop using nuclear power.Other countries such as Belgium, Italy and Switzerland have reassessed their nuclear programs.A number of other countries, such as Austria, Denmark, Greece and New Zealand, continued to exclude nuclear power programmes.The iaea provides support to nuclear plants in transit6. In the wake of the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant accident, long-term operational assessment has increased the emphasis on design review, storage facilities and serious incident management.Atomic energy agency (iaea) expanded its operation scope of guidance and assistance for a long time, and launched an annual "BBS" industrial co-operation, the BBS Suggestions to strengthen the cooperation with electric power company, to increase the operation of the organization and have experience in nuclear power countries are introducing the interaction between the operating organizations of nuclear power countries, a more effective communication, and expand the scope of the spread of best practice.Commencement of nuclear programme7. Nuclear power remains an important option for some countries and interest in it remains high.Among the non-nuclear countries that had been adamant about going ahead with plans before the fukushima daiichi accident, a few cancelled or revised their plans, while others adopted a "wait and see" attitude, but most went ahead with plans to introduce nuclear power.In the iaea's projections, between seven and 20 new entrants are expected to have their first reactors on the grid by 2030.8. Some countries that have been firmly committed to nuclear power have continued to implement their plans and have incorporated into their plans lessons learned from the fukushima daiichi accident.Turkey and the united Arab emirates (uae) made progress in 2011 with the cooperation of suppliers.Belarus has signed a contract with the Russian federation for the construction of two reactors.Bangladesh signed an intergovernmental agreement with the Russian federation to build two 1,000-megawatt reactors, while Vietnam signed a loan agreement with the Russian federation to finance its first nuclear power plant.9. Iaea has increased its assistance, particularly to organizations of new owners/operators in member states, while continuing to provide a wide range of support services, including guidelines, standards, technical assistance, accreditation services, training, capacity-building and knowledge networks.In addition, iaea has conducted "integrated nuclear infrastructure review" working group visits in Bangladesh and the united Arab emirates.Energy assessment service10. Iaea has helped interested member states build their capacity for national energy assessment and planning through the provision of expert training and the transfer of computer models and data.Demand for these services continues to grow, with more than 125 member states currently using iaea analytical tools.In 2011, the agency trained more than 600 energy analysts and planners from 67 countries in the use of these tools.Network-based electronic training is regularly conducted to complement traditional face-to-face training.Capacity building11. The preservation and management of nuclear knowledge is a high priority for many member states.In 2011, iaea conducted "knowledge management assistance visits" and workshops in Armenia, belarus, Bulgaria, China, kazakhstan, the republic of Korea, the Russian federation, Ukraine, the united Arab emirates, the United States and Viet nam.The purpose of these visits and workshops is to raise awareness of the importance of knowledge management in the day-to-day functioning of the nuclear organization and to help managers identify staff positions that are most important in terms of knowledge, using methods developed by iaea.In cooperation with the abdus salam international centre for theoretical physics in trieste, Italy, iaea organized the second short course on nuclear energy management and the seventh short course on nuclear knowledge management.

1. 國際原子能機構作為一個多學科組織，通過以均衡的方式處理包括能源安全、人體健康和糧食安全、水資源管理、核安全和核安保以及防擴散在內的與核技術有關的全球性挑戰(zhàn)尋求實現(xiàn)其“謀求加速和擴大原子能對全世界和平、健康及繁榮的貢獻” 之法定目標。

核 技 術

2. 原子能機構在核技術領域促進核信息和核知識的交流，開展能力建設，并主要通過技術合作計劃向成員國轉讓技術，目的是應請求促進核科學和相關技術的利用，以便以安全、可靠和可持續(xù)的方式滿足成員國的社會經(jīng)濟需求。

核電

核電的狀況和趨勢及預期增長

3. 截至 2011 年底，共有 435 座動力堆在運行，總容量達到 369 吉瓦（電），比年初時減少了 2%。減少的原因是有 13 座反應堆永久退休。這 13 座反應堆中的 12 座是由于東京電力公司福島第一核電站事故（下稱“福島第一核電站事故”）而退休，其中的四座在福島第一核電站，八座在德國，另一座永久退休的反應堆是英國的一個老舊反應堆。有七座新反應堆并入電網(wǎng)，與 2010 年的五座新反應堆、2009 年的兩座和 2008 年的零座相比，數(shù)量有所增加。

4. 福島第一核電站事故導致減緩但并未逆轉核電的擴大趨勢。原子能機構在事故后對 2030 年全球核電裝機容量的預測比事故前的預測低了 7－8%。目前預計裝機容量到2030 年將增長到低值預測的 501 吉瓦（電）和高值預測的 746 吉瓦（電）。在低值預測中，在運核反應堆的數(shù)量預計到 2030 年將增加約 90 座。大部分的增長可能發(fā)生在已擁有在運核電廠的國家，亞洲成員國以及俄羅斯聯(lián)邦預計將是核電擴大的中心。在2011 年底正在建造的 64 座新動力堆中，有 26 座在中國，10 座在俄羅斯聯(lián)邦，6 座在印度，5 座在大韓民國。但德國等一些國家則決定逐步淘汰和停止利用核電。

5. 其他國家如比利時、意大利和瑞士已經(jīng)重新評價了它們的核計劃。另外若干國家如奧地利、丹麥、希臘和新西蘭繼續(xù)將核電方案排除在外。

原子能機構對在運核電廠提供支持

6. 在福島第一核電站事故后，長期運行評定加強了對設計審查、倉儲設備和嚴重事故管理的重視。原子能機構擴大了其對長期運行的指導和援助范圍，并發(fā)起了一個年度“工業(yè)合作論壇”，該論壇建議加強與電力公司的合作，增加擁有核電領域經(jīng)驗國家的營運組織與正在引進核電國家的營運組織之間的互動，進行更有效的交流以及擴大最佳運行實踐的傳播范圍。

啟動核電計劃

7. 核電對有些國家仍然是一個重要選擇，對核電的興趣也依然高漲。在福島第一核電站事故前曾堅定地表示打算著手發(fā)展核電計劃的無核電國家中，有幾個國家取消或修訂了計劃，其他國家則采取了“等等看”的態(tài)度，但大多數(shù)國家繼續(xù)實施引進核電的計劃。在原子能機構的預測中，在 2030 年前將有 7－20 個新加入國可望將其首座反應堆并入電網(wǎng)。

8. 一些一直堅定致力于核電的國家繼續(xù)實施其計劃，并將從福島第一核電站事故中汲取的教訓納入到它們的計劃中。土耳其和阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國（阿聯(lián)酋）2011 年在供應商的合作下取得了進展。白俄羅斯與俄羅斯聯(lián)邦簽署了建造兩座反應堆的合同。孟加拉國與俄羅斯聯(lián)邦簽署了建造兩座 1000 兆瓦（電）反應堆的政府間協(xié)定，越南則與俄羅斯聯(lián)邦簽署了其首座核電廠的融資貸款協(xié)定。

9. 原子能機構增加了特別是對成員國新業(yè)主/營運者組織的援助，同時繼續(xù)提供廣泛的支助服務，包括導則、標準、技術援助、評審服務、培訓、能力建設和知識網(wǎng)絡。此外，原子能機構還在孟加拉國和阿聯(lián)酋開展了“綜合核基礎結構評審”工作組訪問。

能源評定服務

10. 原子能機構通過提供專家培訓和轉讓計算機模型和數(shù)據(jù)幫助感興趣的成員國建設其進行國家能源評定和規(guī)劃的能力。對這些服務的需求繼續(xù)增加，目前有 125 個以上的成員國使用原子能機構的分析工具。2011 年，原子能機構對來自 67 個國家的 600 多名能源分析人員和規(guī)劃人員進行了使用這些工具的培訓。定期舉辦了網(wǎng)基電子培訓， 以作為對傳統(tǒng)的面對面培訓的補充。

能力建設

11. 核知識的保存和管理是許多成員國的一個高度優(yōu)先事項。2011 年，原子能機構在亞美尼亞、白俄羅斯、保加利亞、中國、哈薩克斯坦、大韓民國、俄羅斯聯(lián)邦、烏克蘭、阿聯(lián)酋、美國和越南開展了“知識管理援助訪問”和舉辦了講習班。這些訪問和講習班的目的是提高對知識管理在核組織日常運作中的重要性的認識，以及幫助管理人員利用原子能機構開發(fā)的方法確定就知識而言最為重要的工作人員崗位。原子能機構與意大利的里雅斯特阿布杜斯薩拉姆國際理論物理中心（國際理論物理中心）合作舉辦了第二期核能管理短訓班和第七期核知識管理短訓班。