當(dāng)前國際政治格局的變化和挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致全球能源流動發(fā)生重大變化，影響了歐洲的能源政策。由于頁巖革命，美國等傳統(tǒng)上是能源進(jìn)口國的國家正在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟茉闯隹趪?。另一方面，中東產(chǎn)油國等傳統(tǒng)出口國正成為越來越重要的石油消費(fèi)國。根據(jù)2014年《世界能源展望》(WEO)，到本世紀(jì)30年代初，中國將成為全球最大的石油消費(fèi)國，而印度、東南亞、中東和撒哈拉以南非洲將成為全球能源需求增長的引擎?！?014年世界經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》預(yù)計(jì)，中東部分地區(qū)目前的政治動蕩，將使全球能源體系面臨達(dá)不到預(yù)期的危險。中東仍是唯一一個低成本石油的大型來源。由于國際政治發(fā)展、新能源技術(shù)和新發(fā)現(xiàn)，傳統(tǒng)能源超級大國現(xiàn)在面臨著來自新的主要生產(chǎn)國和重新崛起的能源大國的競爭。此外，油價從2012年初每桶逾125美元的峰值下跌至2015年1月的每桶50美元以下，對那些公共部門依賴石油收入的現(xiàn)有能源超級大國造成了嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)后果。2015年的EUCERS/ISD/KAS能源談判考察了新興和重新崛起的能源超級大國的作用，以及它們與現(xiàn)有超級大國(尤其是歐洲國家)在市場上的相互作用。能源超級大國可以被定義為擁有探明儲量和對全球市場意義重大的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)水平的國家。因此，這些伙伴將重點(diǎn)放在伊朗、巴西、哈薩克斯坦和伊拉克。該系列研討會在倫敦國王學(xué)院(King’s College London)舉行，圍繞新興和復(fù)興中的能源超級大國的不同方面以及對歐洲市場的影響，分別舉行了四場專題討論會。其目的是通過一系列發(fā)人深省的討論，讓公眾、政治家、學(xué)者和實(shí)踐者了解這一領(lǐng)域的新趨勢。我們對這個系列研討會采取了廣泛的方法，在中立和無黨派的環(huán)境中讓所有相關(guān)的利益相關(guān)者都參與進(jìn)來。這些講座以“圓桌”形式進(jìn)行，由EUCERS主任弗里德伯特?普福格教授主持發(fā)言者的討論。演講者被分配了五到十分鐘作開場白。在這之后，有足夠的時間留給觀眾提問和評論，這也強(qiáng)調(diào)了本系列的目的——參與討論，告知并促進(jìn)參與者的創(chuàng)新思維。2015年的EUCERS/ISD/KAS能源講座平均每節(jié)觀眾50人。在下面，我們將討論和總結(jié)每次圓桌討論的結(jié)果，并概述歐洲能源安全和能源政策的后果。

Current changes and challenges in the international political landscape have caused major shifts in global energy flows and have affected European energy policy. Countries that are traditionally energy importers, such as the U.S. due to the shale revolution, are turning into energy exporters.
Traditional exporters such as producers in the Middle East, on the other hand, are becoming increasingly important oil consumers. By the early 2030s, China will become the world’s largest oil-consuming country according to the World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2014 and India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa will take over as engines for global energy demand growth.
The WEO 2014 expects the current political turmoil in parts of the Middle East, which remains the only large source of low-cost oil, to put the global energy system in danger of falling short of expectations. Traditional energy superpowers now face competition from new major producers and re-emerging energy players due to international political developments, new energy technologies and discoveries.
In addition, falling oil prices from a peak of more than $125 per barrel in early 2012 to below $50 per barrel in January 2015 have severe economic consequences for existing energy superpowers whose public sectors are dependent on oil revenues.
The EUCERS/ISD/KAS Energy Talks 2015 have examined the role of emerging and re-emerging energy superpowers and the interplay with existing superpowers on markets, particularly the European ones. Energy superpowers can be defined as countries with proven reserves and production and consumption levels significant to global markets.
The partners therefore set a focus on Iran, Brazil, Kazakhstan and Iraq. The workshop series took place at King’s College London and featured four separate panel discussions on distinct aspects of emerging and reemerging energy superpowers and the consequences for European markets.
The aim was to inform the public, politicians, academics, and practitioners about emerging trends in this field by engaging them in a series of thought-provoking discussions. We adopted a broad approach to this workshop series, involving all relevant stakeholders in a neutral and non-partisan environment.
These talks operated based on a ‘roundtable’ format with Professor Dr Friedbert Pflger, Director of EUCERS, chairing the discussion among the speakers. The speakers were allotted five to ten minutes to make their opening remarks.
Following this, sufficient time was left to questions and comments from the audience, underscoring the purpose of this series – to engage in discussion, inform, and promote innovative thinking among our participants. The EUCERS/ISD/KAS Energy Talks 2015 welcomed an average of 50 people per session in the audience.
In the following we will discuss and summarize the findings of each roundtable discussion and outline the consequences for energy security and energy policy in Europe.