墨西哥能源改革Mexican Energy Reform
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- 更新時間:2021-09-18
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墨西哥的能源改革提供了一個歷史性的機會,以振興其病態(tài)的能源部門和支持整體經濟。墨西哥資產將不會私有化,但該國龐大的石油資源,包括離岸和非常規(guī)領域,將向國際公司開放。盡管如此,改革的許多重要、具體細節(jié)仍有待解決。墨西哥國家石油公司將放棄其壟斷地位,但仍將是石油行業(yè)的主導者。近海深水區(qū)在國外引起了轟動,北部和奇孔特佩克地區(qū)的非常規(guī)開發(fā)潛力也同樣巨大。這些領域的發(fā)展將得益于國際石油公司的技術專長和雄厚財力。 國會委員會正在討論重要的二級和授權法律,政府希望在6月底前通過這些法律。鑒于這些法律的長期重要性及其復雜性,更深入的審查是可取的。這項擬議立法更詳細地說明了結構變化,為油氣和電力部門的政策和戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展奠定了基礎。目前的討論正在國會特別會議上進行。留出時間進行更充分的討論可能會將最后核準推遲到夏季,但可以在9月初的下一屆常會之前完成。 過去10年,石油產量急劇下降,國內生產總值增長乏力,正推動著開放能源部門的必要性。國內生產總值增長率從1950年至1980年的6.4%下降到1980年至2010年的2.4%。自2004以來,墨西哥石油產量每天暴跌超過100萬桶,同時由于加拿大坎特雷爾油田的下降,墨西哥將面臨來自海灣沿岸的加拿大重油的日益激烈的競爭,這可能會使瑪雅原油以折扣價出售給亞洲。中期內,雄心勃勃的300萬桶/日的政府生產增長目標將難以實現(xiàn),更可能的情況是,生產將保持平穩(wěn)。離岸和非常規(guī)開發(fā)提供了實現(xiàn)增長的長期解決方案。
Mexico’s energy reforms provide a historic opportunity to revitalize its ailing energy sector and bolster the overall economy. No Mexican assets will be privatized, but the nation’s vast oil resources, including offshore and unconventional fields, will be opened to international companies. Still, many important, specific details of the reforms have yet to be addressed. Pemex will give up its monopoly status but will remain the dominant player in the oil sector. Offshore deepwater areas have generated excitement abroad, as has the potential for unconventional development in the north and in the Chicontepec region. Development of these areas will benefit from the technological expertise and deep pockets of international oil companies. Important secondary and enabling laws are being discussed in congressional committees now, and the government wants them approved by end-June. Given the long-term importance of these laws and their complexity, a deeper review would be preferable. This proposed legislation gives greater detail to structural changes and sets the stage for policy and strategy developments in the hydrocarbon and power sectors. Current discussions are taking place in an extraordinary congressional session. Allowing time for a fuller discussion might delay final approval into the summer, but it could be done before the next ordinary session at the beginning of September. Steep drops in oil production over the past 10 years and weak GDP growth are driving the need to open up the energy sector. GDP growth has declined from 6.4 percent in the period from 1950 to 1980 to 2.4 percent between 1980 and 2010. Mexican oil production has slumped by over 1 million barrels per day since 2004, driven by decline in the giant Cantarell field At the same time, Mexico will face increasing competition from Canadian heavy oil in the U.S. Gulf Coast, which could it to market Maya crude to Asia at a discount. Ambitious government production growth targets of 3 million bpd in the medium-term will be difficult to achieve, and the more likely scenario is that production will remain flat. Offshore and unconventional developments offer longer-term solutions to achieve growth.
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