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首頁 > 資料下載 > 改革印度的煤油補(bǔ)貼：尋找更好的替代品Reforming Kerosene Subsidies in India: Towards better alternatives
改革印度的煤油補(bǔ)貼：尋找更好的替代品Reforming Kerosene Subsidies in India: Towards better alternatives 改革印度的煤油補(bǔ)貼：尋找更好的替代品Reforming Kerosene Subsidies in India: Towards better alternatives

改革印度的煤油補(bǔ)貼：尋找更好的替代品Reforming Kerosene Subsidies in India: Towards better alternatives

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  • 更新時間：2021-09-25
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印度的煤油主要作為家庭使用的補(bǔ)貼商品，在第二個五年計劃（FYP）期間被添加到公共分配系統(tǒng)（PDS）商品籃子中。過去60年，煤油一直作為一種補(bǔ)貼燃料，為家庭提供負(fù)擔(dān)得起的烹飪和照明（照明）。然而，目前形式的補(bǔ)貼計劃因補(bǔ)貼煤油分配中的大量泄漏而受到損害。隨著提供最終服務(wù)的有效替代品的出現(xiàn)，煤油正在滿足需求，繼續(xù)補(bǔ)貼煤油可能不是最有效地利用財政資源。本研究的目的是解決煤油補(bǔ)貼的合理化問題，以提高政府的有效性，為家庭提供燃料的最大效益。 為了回答這個寬泛的問題，我們首先利用國家消費(fèi)者支出抽樣調(diào)查（NSS）數(shù)據(jù)、能源、環(huán)境和水委員會（CEEW）能源獲?。╝ccess）初步調(diào)查，分析了印度家庭目前煤油的作用和使用情況，以及在坎普爾和本加魯魯兩個城市的城市貧困地區(qū)進(jìn)行的實(shí)地研究的結(jié)果。接下來，我們使用訪問調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)分析了當(dāng)前交付系統(tǒng)中的低效率。1隨后，我們對煤油與替代品進(jìn)行了比較經(jīng)濟(jì)分析。最后，在經(jīng)濟(jì)分析的基礎(chǔ)上，我們對各利益相關(guān)者進(jìn)行了一系列的半結(jié)構(gòu)化訪談，包括來自煤油批發(fā)經(jīng)銷商協(xié)會、離網(wǎng)企業(yè)家、國家糧食和民用供應(yīng)部、石油和天然氣部的代表，以及新能源和可再生能源部，為向更好的替代品過渡劃出道路。

Kerosene in India is primarily available as a subsidized commodity for household use, and was added to the basket of Public Distribution System (PDS) commodities during the 2nd Five Year Plan (FYP). Kerosene has been continued as a subsidised fuel to provide affordable cooking and illumination (lighting) to households for the last 60 years. However, the subsidy program in its current form is marred by high levels of leakage in the distribution of subsidized kerosene. With efficient alternatives emerging to provide the end services being met by kerosene, continuing to subsidize it may not be the most efficient use of fiscal resources. This study aims to address the key question of how to best rationalize the kerosene subsidy to improve the government effectiveness as well as provide the maximum benefit to the households spending on the fuel. To answer this broad question, we first analyzed the current role and use of kerosene in Indian households, using National Sample Survey (NSS) data on consumer expenditure, Council on Energy, Environment and Water’s (CEEW’s) primary survey on energy access (ACCESS), and findings from field studies conducted in urban-poor sections of two cities, namely Kanpur and Bengaluru. Next, we analyzed the inefficiencies in the current delivery system, using the ACCESS survey data.1 Subsequently, we conducted a comparative economic analysis of kerosene vis--vis alternatives. Finally, based on the economic analysis, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders, including representatives from the kerosene wholesale dealers’ association, off-grid entrepreneurs, the Department of Food and Civil Supplies at the state level, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, to chalk out pathways for a transition toward better alternatives.

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