特朗普政府已將增加美國石油和天然氣產(chǎn)量列為優(yōu)先事項，部分原因是通過減輕聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管負(fù)擔(dān)，而政府稱這限制了發(fā)展。特朗普總統(tǒng)于2017年3月簽署了行政命令（EO）13783，要求各機(jī)構(gòu)審查現(xiàn)有的規(guī)則、政策、指導(dǎo)文件，以及更多可能對國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)能源的開發(fā)或使用造成負(fù)擔(dān)的文件。該條例還明確規(guī)定了適用于石油和天然氣行業(yè)的審查條例，包括土地管理局（土地管理局）的甲烷條例。1條例13771，該條例要求各機(jī)構(gòu)必須為實施的每項新條例刪除兩項條例，強(qiáng)調(diào)需要對正在考慮取消或修改的所有主要條例進(jìn)行成本效益分析（新條例的做法也是如此）。但它也提出了一項有爭議的要求，即在遵循“兩對一”的要求時，在確定廢除規(guī)則的優(yōu)先次序時，只考慮廢除所節(jié)省的成本（而不是放棄的收益或凈收益）。96名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和專家在3月份寫給特朗普政府的信（Linn和Krupnick，2017）中對這一要求表示擔(dān)憂。在這些行動之后，我們在未來的資源（RFF）試圖首先列出現(xiàn)有的聯(lián)邦條例頒布后，2005和非監(jiān)管聯(lián)邦活動關(guān)注的石油和天然氣工業(yè)。2，然后我們轉(zhuǎn)向了解什么對工業(yè)和公眾的影響可能是，如果這些法規(guī)中的一些被淘汰，修改，或者延遲。我們通過更新原始機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管影響分析（RIA）中使用的參數(shù)、評估與廢除和修改以下規(guī)則相關(guān)的成本節(jié)約和放棄利益來分析這些影響：?土地管理局（BLM）的“廢物預(yù)防，按使用費(fèi)生產(chǎn)，和資源保護(hù)“規(guī)則；?環(huán)境保護(hù)署（EPA）“石油和天然氣部門：新、重建和修改的源的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新源性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”規(guī)則；?安全和環(huán)境執(zhí)行局（BSEE）“外部大陸架防噴器系統(tǒng)中的油氣和硫磺作業(yè)和井控規(guī)則”；?管道和危險材料安全管理局（PHMSA）“危險材料：加強(qiáng)罐車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和作業(yè)控制《高危險易燃品列車規(guī)則》；BSEE和海洋能源管理局（BOEM）的《北極外大陸架勘探鉆探要求》規(guī)則；以及PHMSA的“管道安全：輸氣管道完整性管理程序”規(guī)則。這份報告分析了美國環(huán)保署的甲烷規(guī)則，3該規(guī)則規(guī)定了

The Trump administration has prioritized increasing the production of US oil and natural gas, in part through reducing federal regulatory burdens that the administration says restrict development. President Trump signed Executive Order (EO) 13783 in March 2017, requiring agencies to review existing rules, policies, guidance documents, and more that potentially burden the development or use of domestically produced energy resources. This EO also specifically identified for review regulations applicable to the oil and gas sector, including the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM’s) methane rule.1  EO 13771, which ordered that agencies must remove two rules for every new rule implemented, emphasized that cost-benefit analysis is required for all major regulations being considered for elimination or modification (as has been the practice for new regulations). But it also laid out the controversial requirement that only the cost savings from repeal be considered in prioritizing rules for repeal in that cost savings (and not forgone benefits or net benefits) be counted when complying with the two-for-one requirement. Ninety-six economists and experts expressed concerns about this requirement in a March letter to the Trump administration (Linn and Krupnick 2017).  Following these actions, we at Resources for the Future (RFF) sought to first catalog existing federal regulations promulgated after 2005 and non-regulatory federal activities of concern to the oil and gas industry.2 We then turned toward understanding what the impacts on industry and the public might be if some of     these regulations were eliminated, modified, or delayed. We analyzed these impacts by updating the parameters used in the original agency regulatory impact analyses (RIAs) and assessing the cost savings and forgone benefits associated with repealing and modifying the following rules:  ?the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM’s) “Waste Prevention, Production Subject to Royalties, and Resource Conservation” rule;  ?the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) “Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources New Source Performance Standards” rule;  ?the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement’s (BSEE’s) “Oil and Gas and Sulfur Operations in the Outer Continental Shelf-Blowout Preventer Systems and Well Control Rule”;  ?the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s (PHMSA’s) “Hazardous Materials: Enhanced Tank Car Standards and Operational Controls for High-Hazard Flammable Trains” rule;  ?BSEE’s and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s (BOEM’s) “Oil and Gas and Sulphur Operations on the Outer Continental Shelf—Requirements for Exploratory Drilling on the Arctic Outer Continental Shelf” rule; and  ?PHMSA’s “Pipeline Safety: Integrity Management Program for Gas Distribution Pipelines” rule.  This report analyzes EPA’s methane rule,3 which regulates methane emissions from new