首頁(yè) > 資料下載 > 保護(hù)石油輸出國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)免受能源沖擊Sheltering the Economies of OilExporting Countries From Energy Shocks

保護(hù)石油輸出國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)免受能源沖擊Sheltering the Economies of OilExporting Countries From Energy Shocks

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更新時(shí)間：2021-09-17
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自上世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)，油價(jià)大幅波動(dòng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響一直是政策制定者關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。在過(guò)去40年里，石油出口國(guó)和石油進(jìn)口國(guó)政府一直在執(zhí)行各種政策，以保護(hù)其經(jīng)濟(jì)不受不利的石油價(jià)格沖擊的影響，每一種情況的政策方針都不同。輕質(zhì)致密油的出現(xiàn)，促使石油市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了重大變化。非常規(guī)石油投資對(duì)油價(jià)變化反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈;實(shí)際上，它降低了長(zhǎng)期周期性沖擊的可能性，除非市場(chǎng)在某種程度上無(wú)法找到合適的價(jià)格，從而導(dǎo)致巨大的失衡可能加劇。就天然氣而言，放棄以石油價(jià)格為基礎(chǔ)的定價(jià)，也可能改變這種能源的波動(dòng)性。

The impact of sharp oil price fluctuations on economies has been an issue of concern for policymakers since the 1970s. In the last 40 years, governments of oil-exporting and -importing countries have been implementing policies to shelter their economies from adverse oil price shocks, with the policy approach being different in each case. The emergence of light, tight oil has prompted a critical change in the structure of oil markets. Investment in non-conventional oil reacts aggressively to changes in oil prices; in effect, it reduces the likelihood of long-term cyclical shocks, unless markets are somehow prevented from finding the right price, to the extent that large imbalances may build up. In the case of natural gas, a move away from pricing based on oil prices may also change the volatility of this source of energy.

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