首頁 > 資料下載 > 國際主要油氣產(chǎn)區(qū)的比較An International Comparison of Leading Oil and Gas Producing Regions

國際主要油氣產(chǎn)區(qū)的比較An International Comparison of Leading Oil and Gas Producing Regions

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更新時(shí)間：2021-09-17
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本研究的目的是比較加拿大阿爾伯塔省與世界其他地區(qū)在環(huán)境政策、法律和監(jiān)管體系方面的差異。與阿爾伯塔相比的其他地點(diǎn)包括北美洲的國家和國家（美國北達(dá)科他州和美國墨西哥灣）、南美洲（巴西）、澳大利亞（昆士蘭）、亞太地區(qū)（馬來西亞）、中東（阿曼）、非洲（加納）和歐洲（英國and挪威）。這項(xiàng)研究的目的是審查和比較截至2013年12月的環(huán)境政策、法律和監(jiān)管制度；而不是評價(jià)政府的“績效”或“有效性”。特別是，調(diào)查的目的是評估在評估的司法管轄區(qū)內(nèi)存在的系統(tǒng)、過程和控制，而不是司法管轄區(qū)如何有效和高效地進(jìn)行評估。此外，這項(xiàng)研究不應(yīng)被視為直接的比較分析，因?yàn)槲幕?、治理模式和政府成熟度都有很大的差異?為了在比較中公平起見，根據(jù)最近的石油和天然氣活動(dòng)水平以及政府的相對成熟度和相對開放度（對其區(qū)域而言），選擇了可能與阿爾伯塔省最相似的國家（每個(gè)全球區(qū)域至少一個(gè)）。換句話說，他們是否像阿爾伯塔省一樣成熟、開放和活躍？研究比較了環(huán)境法和政府程序的嚴(yán)格性（環(huán)境法有多全面？），透明度（公眾獲取信息有多容易？），和合規(guī)性（哪個(gè)國家有確保合規(guī)性的規(guī)則？）. 通過考察大型油氣項(xiàng)目生命周期的三個(gè)階段，研究了項(xiàng)目的嚴(yán)格性、透明度和合規(guī)性：項(xiàng)目批準(zhǔn)、建設(shè)和運(yùn)營以及關(guān)閉或退役。對代表世界七個(gè)主要大陸地區(qū)的10個(gè)司法管轄區(qū)的審查顯示，阿爾伯塔、加拿大、昆士蘭、澳大利亞和美國、墨西哥灣沿岸地區(qū)在現(xiàn)有的環(huán)境政策、法律和監(jiān)管制度的比較中始終領(lǐng)先。我們完全預(yù)計(jì)，一些未經(jīng)比較的國家和管轄區(qū)也將是環(huán)境監(jiān)管方面的佼佼者。本次調(diào)查的目的是以公平的方式將加拿大阿爾伯塔省與石油和天然氣生產(chǎn)世界各地的其他九個(gè)國家/地區(qū)進(jìn)行比較。

The purpose of this study was to compare Alberta, Canada with other locations around the world in terms of their environmental policies, laws and regulatory systems. Other locations that were compared with Alberta included states and countries in North America (USA North Dakota and USA Gulf of Mexico), South America (Brazil), Australia (Queensland), Asia-Pacific (Malaysia), Middle East (Oman), Africa (Ghana) and Europe (United Kingdom and Norway). The study was intended to examine and compare environmental policies, laws and regulatory systems as of December 2013; and not intended to evaluate “performance” or “effectiveness” of the governments. In particular, the survey was meant to evaluate the systems, processes and controls that exist within the evaluated jurisdictions and not how effectively and efficiently the jurisdictions are operating. Also, the study should not be seen as a direct comparative analysis, as cultures, governance models and maturity of governments are highly variable. In order to be fair in the comparison, countries were chosen that might be most similar to Alberta (at least one from each global region) based upon their recent levels of oil and gas activity, and the relative maturity and comparative openness (for their region) of their government. In other words, are they as mature, open and active as Alberta? The study compared the environmental laws and government processes with respect to stringency (How comprehensive are the environmental laws?), transparency (How easily can the public get information?), and compliance (Which country has rules to ensure compliance?). Stringency, transparency and compliance were studied by looking at three stages in the life cycle of a major oil and gas project: approval of the project, construction and operations, and closure or decommissioning. The review of 10 jurisdictions, representing seven major continental regions across the world, revealed that Alberta, Canada; Queensland, Australia; and the United States, Gulf Coast were consistently leading in a comparison of existing environmental policies, laws and regulatory systems. We fully expect that some countries and jurisdictions that were not compared would also be top performers in environmental regulation. The intent of this survey was to compare Alberta Canada in a fair manner with nine other countries/regions from every part of the oil and gas producing world.

資料截圖

上一條：八個(gè)州地方財(cái)政對于石油天然氣發(fā)展的影響Local fiscal effects of oil and gas development in eight states in 2016

下一條：非常規(guī)油氣開發(fā)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響Economic Impacts of Unconventional Oil and Gas Development in 2017

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