資料簡介
化石燃料燃燒產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳(CO2)排放可通過以下方式減少： 使用天然氣而不是煤來生產(chǎn)能源。氣體產(chǎn)生大約一半的 與煤相比，每單位一次能源的CO2量。這里我們考慮一個(gè)場景 其中煤的一部分用天然氣（即甲烷、甲烷、甲烷）代替 時(shí)間段，并且假設(shè)氣體生產(chǎn)的百分比泄漏到 氣氛。泄漏的額外CH4增加了氣候的輻射強(qiáng)迫。 系統(tǒng)，抵消伴隨從煤到煤的轉(zhuǎn)變而導(dǎo)致的CO2排放的減少 氣體。我們還考慮了以下影響：煤礦瓦斯泄漏；輻射變化 由于二氧化硫和碳質(zhì)氣溶膠的排放變化而引起的強(qiáng)迫； 燃煤與燃?xì)獍l(fā)電效率的差異 世代。總的來說，這些因素不僅抵消了由于 減少二氧化碳排放。當(dāng)煤氣代替煤時(shí)，到2050年會有額外的變暖。 假設(shè)泄漏率為0%，如果泄漏率高達(dá)10%，則達(dá)到2140。這個(gè) 然而，對21世紀(jì)全球平均溫度的總體影響很小。
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion may be reduced by using natural gas rather than coal to produce energy. Gas produces approximately half the amount of CO2 per unit of primary energy compared with coal. Here we consider a scenario where a fraction of coal usage is replaced by natural gas (i.e., methane, CH4) over a given time period, and where a percentage of the gas production is assumed to leak into the atmosphere. The additional CH4 from leakage adds to the radiative forcing of the climate system, offsetting the reduction in CO2 forcing that accompanies the transition from coal to gas. We also consider the effects of: methane leakage from coal mining; changes in radiative forcing due to changes in the emissions of sulfur dioxide and carbonaceous aerosols; and differences in the efficiency of electricity production between coal- and gas-fired power generation. On balance, these factors more than offset the reduction in warming due to reduced CO2 emissions. When gas replaces coal there is additional warming out to 2,050 with an assumed leakage rate of 0%, and out to 2,140 if the leakage rate is as high as 10%. The overall effects on global-mean temperature over the 21st century, however, are small.
資料截圖
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