我很高興介紹這份報(bào)告，第六版整個(gè)歐洲的煤炭工業(yè)。有些人可能會(huì)驚訝于報(bào)告中關(guān)于煤炭的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)頁(yè)面；它們反映了一個(gè)重要行業(yè)的活動(dòng)。歐盟是世界第四大煤炭消費(fèi)區(qū)，僅次于中國(guó)、印度和北美。我們開(kāi)采約1億噸硬煤再進(jìn)口兩億噸美國(guó)是世界上最大的進(jìn)口國(guó)。四點(diǎn)左右一億噸，我們的褐煤產(chǎn)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)從任何其他地區(qū)來(lái)看，德國(guó)是世界上最大的生產(chǎn)商。讓我強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字。盡管歐洲人歐盟目前正在執(zhí)行最嚴(yán)格的氣候政策在世界上，煤炭仍占工會(huì)用電量是我們最可靠的可提供178千兆瓦燃煤發(fā)電量的電源無(wú)論天氣如何，任何時(shí)候。來(lái)自煤炭的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性電力使工業(yè)在歐盟。只要成員各州不會(huì)對(duì)煤炭使用增加額外負(fù)擔(dān)，例如英國(guó)的碳價(jià)格下限實(shí)際上是單邊碳排放稅收。社會(huì)受益于創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)的工業(yè)增長(zhǎng)，為未來(lái)提供就業(yè)和投資。在這方面，歐洲煤炭工業(yè)對(duì)《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》巴黎協(xié)定，不是因?yàn)樘珖?yán)格或太嚴(yán)格軟，但僅僅是因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)限制歐洲工業(yè)。例如，歐洲煤炭工業(yè)投資于健康、安全和環(huán)境改善，而在歐盟，煤炭用戶為碳排放買單排放交易系統(tǒng)。這種基于市場(chǎng)的解決方案是應(yīng)對(duì)氣候挑戰(zhàn)的必要工具。其他世界上的一些地區(qū)要求較低，不是因?yàn)樗鼈儾辉诤酰驗(yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)優(yōu)先于不直接影響公民切身利益的問(wèn)題日常生活。歐盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著一個(gè)雄心勃勃的聯(lián)盟決心應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。我們需要其他人因此，必須注意基礎(chǔ)氣候和能源政策有確鑿的證據(jù)。當(dāng)前對(duì)點(diǎn)源的關(guān)注二氧化碳排放需要充分平衡所有能源供應(yīng)的生命周期分析。天然氣來(lái)自西伯利亞是一個(gè)方便的能源用戶在盧森堡，但是需要發(fā)電廠的電力系統(tǒng)得到加強(qiáng)快速下降，經(jīng)常以部分負(fù)荷運(yùn)行燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)效率較低的時(shí)期？最新的燃煤電廠設(shè)計(jì)成滑動(dòng)式壓力控制使其能夠并確實(shí)有效運(yùn)行在需要平衡間歇運(yùn)行的運(yùn)行機(jī)制下可再生能源。

I have the pleasure of introducing this report, the sixth edition  of Coal industry across Europe. Some may be surprised by  the facts and figures on coal contained within the report’s  pages; they reflect the activities of a significant industry. The European Union is the world’s fourth largest coalconsuming region, after China, India and North America. We  mine around one hundred million tonnes of hard coal each  year and import a further two hundred million tonnes, making  us the world’s largest importer by value. At around four  hundred million tonnes, our lignite production far exceeds  that from any other region, Germany being the world’s  largest producer. Let me highlight one simple statistic. Although the European  Union is currently implementing the strictest climate policies in the world, coal still accounts for around one quarter of the  electricity consumed in the Union, it being our most reliable  source of power with 178 GW of coal-fired capacity available  at all times and whatever the weather. Competitive electricity from coal allows industry to prosper in  the European Union. This can continue so long as member  states do not place additional burdens on coal use, such as  the UK’s carbon price floor – effectively a unilateral carbon  tax. Society benefits from industries that create economic  growth, provide jobs and invest for the future. In this respect,  the European coal industry was disappointed by the  UNFCCC Paris Agreement, not because it is too strict or too  soft, but simply because it may limit the competitiveness of  European industry. For example, the European coal industry  invests in health, safety and environmental improvements,  while coal users pay for carbon emissions under the EU  emissions trading system. This market-based solution is a  necessary tool in response to the climate challenge. Other  regions of the world are less demanding, not because they  do not care, but because economic growth takes priority over  issues that do not directly affect their citizens’ immediate  daily lives. The European Union leads an ambitious coalition that is  determined to tackle climate change. We need others to  follow, so must take care to base climate and energy policy  on solid evidence. The current focus on point-source  emissions of carbon dioxide needs to be balanced by a full  life-cycle analysis of all energy supplies. Natural gas from  Siberia is a convenient fuel for an energy user in  Luxembourg, but what are the real environmental impacts in  a power system that demands power plants are ramped up  and down quickly, and often run at part load for extended  periods when the efficiency of gas turbines is rather low?  The latest coal-fired plants have been designed with sliding  pressure controls so that they can and do operate efficiently  under the operating regimes needed to balance intermittent  renewables.