教學(xué)研究YOUNG青年與社會doi:10. 3969/j ise. 1006 -9682. 2011. 02.085文體分析袁萍(聊城大學(xué)，山東聊城252000)摘要: 這篇文章，作者將從文體分析的角度，采用語篇分析模式來對本演講中的第一、二段內(nèi)容的語音、詞匯、語義、句法特征進(jìn)行分析，加深對課文的理解和欣賞。關(guān)鍵詞:文體分析;公眾演講;高級英語教學(xué)一、公眾演講特點(diǎn)(三)語義特征公眾演講有其獨(dú)特的文體特征，比如，語音方面，各種在這篇演說中，修辭手法是其重要特點(diǎn)，經(jīng)常使用的修語音手段的應(yīng)用如壓韻，節(jié)奏，重音,停頓的應(yīng)用在英語演辭手段有暗喻、明喻、提喻、排比。在聽眾腦海中刻畫了一講中的應(yīng)用十分常見。詞匯方面，演說者會使用較長的詞語,幅幅生動的畫面，并且使語言變得生動形象，更有感染力。名詞矩語也經(jīng)常被使用，是公眾演講通常會使用第- - 人稱代1.明喻: likea owarm of crawling locusts.把納粹士兵比詞和第二人稱代詞，而第三人稱代詞較少使用。句法方面，作蝗蟲，表達(dá)了說話者對納粹士兵的痛恨。經(jīng)常使用的句型有陳述句，長句。語義方面，修辭手法是其2.暗喻: All this faedes away belore the spetale which is重要特點(diǎn)，經(jīng)常使用的修辭手段有暗喻、明喻、類比、擬now unolding對共產(chǎn)黨的反感在此時(shí)變得不那么重要,變得人等。退色，逐漸消失，用詞十分貼切。二、對演講的具體分析The past, with its crimes, its fllies, and詘tragedie, fa(一)語音特征shes away.閃電般迅速消失，一閃而過，表明作者此時(shí)最在1.頭韻alintion: dul, diled, docile, 也叫頭字母押意的已不再是對蘇聯(lián)的厭惡，而是對蘇聯(lián)人民的同情。韻，是語音中重復(fù)使用某一音而取得突出效果的- -種重要方1 see Rusian soldies standing on the threshold...把國界式。三個詞以同樣的音開頭，更增加了話語的力量，說話者比做門檻，說明俄國此時(shí)局勢嚴(yán)峻。的決心，及對納粹的厭惡和痛恨，更能激起聽眾的同感。ht is devold of all theme and principle except apeite and伯2.擬聲詞: clanking, heel - clicking 中/kV音和dull,cial domination.在這里apetite比作成納粹政權(quán)的貪婪,形象dilled, docile 中的/dV音，一方面使人聯(lián)想到軍被革履的碰生動刻畫出蘇聯(lián)人民此時(shí)面臨的局勢,表達(dá)出作者對蘇聯(lián)人撞聲響，另一方面使人意識到戰(zhàn)爭的冷酷無情。民生活的擔(dān)憂。3.除此之外,文中還運(yùn)用了排比增加文章的節(jié)奏感。此外，使用暗喻的例子還有Means of existence is wrung 80(二)詞匯特征hardly from the soil..1.人稱代詞的使用:使聽眾感到親切,更容易說服聽3.提喻: Bread- winner形象，生動。眾。在這篇講話中,丘吉爾共使用第-人稱代詞"I, me" 16' 4.排比: 7個以“I see"開頭的排比句,使原來就富有次，復(fù)數(shù)代詞“we, our, us" 27次。在平時(shí)的講話中，用第感染力的句子更加有 氣勢充滿說服力。使句式整齊劃一,易一人稱復(fù)數(shù)，有時(shí)包括受話人，有時(shí)不包括受話人，有時(shí)還于吸引聽眾注意力。這篇演說最感人的地方莫過于丘吉爾以含有-種間接的析使命令意義。丘吉爾巧妙將這三種含義都第一人稱的手法，連續(xù)在七個平行句中充滿激情的詞語,陳糅合在他的演講中，使之循序漸進(jìn)地起到戰(zhàn)爭動員的作用。述在俄發(fā)生的正義與邪惡的決戰(zhàn)。2.文學(xué)詞匯大量使用:使演講更加正式，穩(wěn)重,讓聽眾(四)句法特征.感到演講人對所講的話題的態(tài)度是極其嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的。例如，1.較多使用的句型有陳述句，演講第部分共有13個句在表達(dá)演說者對納粹的痛恨時(shí)，他用到了的詞匯有: ppetie， 子構(gòu)成， 全是陳述句。racial domnination, wichkednes, cruelty, ferocious, hideous , on-2.時(shí)態(tài)上,全為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)說話者的決心。laught, clanking, heel - clicking, dandifed, c∞ow down , tye3.句子都較長，每一句都超過十個詞，最長的高達(dá)35個down, dul, dilled, docil, brutish, Hun soldier, locusts vilin詞， 使演講更鄭重。u9中國煤化工crimes, is flies,說到蘇聯(lián)時(shí)，作者用了以下詞匯: guard, pray, il, from and its_聽眾注意力的作用。time inmemorial, breaed - winner, champion, wring hardly, pi:0Hmordial, madiens, joys, laughspoken about it. But all this fedes away before the spectacle which2011. VOL. 59. NO.02 1S:YOUNG青年與社會教學(xué)研究doi;10. 3969/j issn. 1006 -9682. 2011.02.086《羅密歐與朱麗葉》中世仇的分析杜曉燕(保山學(xué)院，云南保山678000)摘要:〈羅密畋與朱麗葉>是莎士比亞的杰作，也是全世界最有名的戲劇之一。世仇是這部劇的主要主題之一，在這部刷中，世仇象征了封建主義的思想意識，最后兩個家族的和解暗示了封建主義的衰落。關(guān)鍵詞:世仇;封建主義;囊落An Analysis of Feud in Romeo and JulietDU Xiao-yan(Foreign Language Department, Baohan Cllge, Yunan, Baohan, 678000, China)Abstract: Romeo and Julie is a masterpiee written by Shakespeare, and it is one of the most faxmous plays in the world. Feud is one ofthe main themes of this play, and in this play , feud aymbolizes the ideology of feudalism , and the reconciliation between the two familiesimplies the declination of feudalism.Keywords: feud feudalism declinationIntroductionhas chosen to portay is violent and hate - flled from the very beSome critics mainly focus on pure and immortal love betweenjnning. The prologue shows the audience exactly how the feud willRomeo and Juliet. The passion i intinically destructive, paganplay a major role throughout the play by atating ”From ancientin its idealistic eroticism, and non - transcendent. ? Shakepearegrudge break to new muiny, where ciril blood makes civil handsshapes his play by emphasizing the references to love at the begin-unclean. And the continuance of their parents' rage, which, butning, fortune at the middle, and death at the end. Shakepeare intheir children' end, naught could rermove" ( Shakeapeare1998:this play rcogrizes both the prolagonists reponsibliy for the trg4). This sbhows the depth and severty of the hated between the twoic events and the awesome power of hostile cireumstance "families which accompanies with every detail of the play. From the(Kiefer1983158). " Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy of fate becausebegining, the andience is predisposed to abeorb the imagery relatedfate is an invisible rope hitches their fate. From the beginning toto the lovers and the feud that hinders their love. Tybalt makes hisend, the hero and the heroine can not escape the dictation of the feling known in the beginning of the play " What, drawn, and talkfate, although the stnuggle betwen fate and them put to an end,of peace?I hate the word As I hate the hell, all Montagues, andlove and human life pay a painful cost for it" (Li2005: 123).hee” ( Shakepeare1998: 10)， these stong words reveal theThis paper will interpret feud in Romeo and Juliet by analyzing thestrength of the hatred and the seriousness of the feud.political and cultural ideas expresed in the play.Though the incidents in the play seem to suggest that the trag:I1 Analysisedy is due more t如accidents than the social contradiction becauseIn addition to immortal love, the feud between the two fami-if Friar's plans had not gone away, the lovers could still have alies is also a main theme of the play. The world that Shakespeare. chance to gain their eventual bappiness, yet to think that wayis now unfolding. / I had not the slightet doubt where our duty語語篇的獨(dú)立思考能力。and our policy lay.用雙重否定，無比肯定地表達(dá)了英國對其道義責(zé)任和方針政策早已胸有成竹,即全力授救蘇聯(lián)。參考文獻(xiàn)三、小結(jié)[1] JonathenHope&Lstune Wnight. Styisticn: A Practical Couebook通過分析丘吉爾的演講，我們可以更系統(tǒng)的了解文章中[M]. Beiing: Forig Language Teaching and Research Pese, 2010.使用的各種為達(dá)到某-文體效果而借助的手段，更全面的認(rèn): 「M教育出版社, 1989.識文體分析的作用，文體分析可以用來補(bǔ)充高級英語的教學(xué),[3]中國煤化工現(xiàn)代企業(yè)教育, 2007文體分析用于高級英語教學(xué)中去也是符合高級英語的教學(xué)目(6).0HCNMHG標(biāo)的。通過文體分析，學(xué)生可以更好的鑒賞文章，培養(yǎng)對英[4]劉飛工不物水大廳寸概花lm小北京:北京大學(xué)出版社。2006.156 2011. VOL. s9. NO.02