土耳其M7.4級(jí)地震后的巖土地震工程研究回顧(Kocaeli, Turkey, 1999)
土耳其M7.4級(jí)地震后的巖土地震工程研究回顧(Kocaeli, Turkey, 1999)
GeotechWu
計(jì)算巖土力學(xué)(Geomechanics)是一個(gè)綜合的巖土工程(Geotechnical Engineering)信息源。
1 引言
2 土耳其地震歷史
(6) Adapazari earthquake (1999) - M6.0, 144人死亡
(7) Düzce earthquake (1999) - M7.2, 845人死亡
(8) Kocaeli Earthquake (1999) - M7.4, 17,000人死亡
近期，2021年2月26日，土耳其東部的埃拉澤省(Elazig)發(fā)生了M6.0級(jí)地震，造成大面積破壞，41人死亡。1,600多人受傷，許多建筑物被摧毀或嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。
3 Dr. Bray的研究工作
1999年 8月17日，土耳其的 馬爾馬拉(Marmara)地區(qū)發(fā)生了致命的M7.4級(jí)地震，震中位于 伊茲密特市( ?zmit )的科賈埃利( Kocaeli)，在 伊斯坦布爾東約100km處，這次地震 造成了 巨大的破壞和生命損失 ，超過(guò)17,000人死亡，50,000多人受傷，數(shù)十萬(wàn)人無(wú)家可歸，對(duì)伊斯坦布爾(Istanbul)和阿達(dá)帕扎里市(Adapazar?)的建筑和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施造成了巨大的破壞。
這次地震發(fā)生后，許多研究者進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的巖土地震工程研究，其中最顯著的是 UC Berkeley的Dr. Bray 【 2022 Bolton Seed Lecture---Jonathan Bray[液化引起建筑物的沉降估算] 】, 他和合作者的研究工作包括：
(1999) Geotechnical Aspects of the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake
(1999) Zero-Displacement Lateral Spreads, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake
(1999) Preliminary Report on the Geotechnical Engineeering Aspects of the August 17, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake
(2000) guidance and recommendation for the Izmit Bay Crossing Project, Turkey
(2000) Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake of August 17, 1999 Reconnaissance Report
(2001) Ground Failure In Adapazari, Turkey
(2001) Documenting Incidents of Ground Failure Resulting from the August 17,1999 Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake
(2002) Seismic Performance of Ground and Buildings in Adapazari, Turkey
(2002) Liquefaction and Ground Failure Deformation Data in Turkey
(2002) Lessons Learned from Recent Earthquakes in Turkey and Taiwan
(2002) Correlation Between Ground Failure And Soil Conditions In Adapazari, Turkey
(2002) Liquefaction-Induced Ground Deformations at Hotel Sapanca During Kocaeli (Izmit)-Turkey Earthquake
(2003) Ground Failure and Building Performance in Adapazari, Turkey
(2004) Building Response in Adapazari, Turkey
(2004) Performance of Buildings over Liquefiable Ground in Adapazari, Turkey
(2004) Liquefaction Induced Lateral Spreading at Izmit Bay During the Kocaeli (Izmit) – Turkey Earthquake
(2004) Subsurface Characterization at Ground Failure Sites in Adapazari, Turkey
(2004) Comparing Loss Estimation with Observed Damage in a Zone of Ground Failure: A Study of the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake in Turkey
(2004) The Ground Failure Component of Earthquake Loss Estimations: A Case Study of Adapazari, Turkey
(2005) Insights from Soil Structure Interaction Analyses of Buildings in Adapazari, Turkey
(2006) Strong Ground Motions and Damage Patterns from the 1999 Duzce Earthquake in Turkey
(2009) Performance of Buildings in Adapazari during the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake
(2017) Turning Disaster into Knowledge
4 其它人的研究工作
除了上述 UC Berkeley的研究工作外，也有其它研究者對(duì)1999年的土耳其地震進(jìn)行了巖土地震工程研究，主要包括：
(1999) Structural Damage: Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake, August 17, 1999