政策對(duì)風(fēng)的影響 太陽(yáng)能創(chuàng)新 基于文章計(jì)數(shù)的新結(jié)果Policy Impacts on Wind and Solar Innovation New Results Based on Article Cou
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預(yù)測(cè)氣候政策對(duì)能源使用和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,需要了解它們將如何影響創(chuàng)新。然而,在這一領(lǐng)域幾乎沒(méi)有實(shí)證研究。這項(xiàng)研究利用每月發(fā)表的有關(guān)風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能創(chuàng)新的相關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)期刊文章數(shù)量來(lái)填補(bǔ)這一空白。使用貝葉斯邏輯分類(lèi)法對(duì)成千上萬(wàn)的文章進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)。三篇論文中的第一篇發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能創(chuàng)新隨著美國(guó)研究和可再生能源生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼的增加而增加。生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼以可再生能源的生產(chǎn)稅收抵免和投資稅收抵免的總和表示,其對(duì)創(chuàng)新的影響以前從未進(jìn)行過(guò)評(píng)估。如第二篇文章所述,風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能專(zhuān)利在研究補(bǔ)貼方面給出的結(jié)果相似,但對(duì)于識(shí)別稅收抵免的影響而言過(guò)于粗略。第三篇也是最后一篇文章確定了有關(guān)太陽(yáng)能研究的兩種主要類(lèi)型的單晶硅和薄膜太陽(yáng)能電池板的文章。這些論文在一起提供了產(chǎn)生文章計(jì)數(shù)時(shí)間序列的新方法。描述太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能創(chuàng)新的新數(shù)據(jù);使未來(lái)氣候政策模型能夠納入對(duì)創(chuàng)新的影響的參數(shù);結(jié)果表明,美國(guó)直接和間接的政策鼓勵(lì)了太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能研究
Predicting the effects of climate policies on energy use and the economy requires understanding how they will affect innovation. Yet, little empirical research exists in this area. This study helps fill the gap, using the number of relevant academic journal articles published per month as a proxy for innovation in wind and solar energy. Tens of thousands of articles are counted using Bayesian logistic classification methods. The first of three essays finds that solar and wind innovation increase with U.S. research and renewable energy production subsidies. Production subsidies are represented by the Production Tax Credit and Investment Tax Credit for renewable energy, taken together, whose effect on innovation has not been measured before. Wind and solar patents give similar results with respect to research subsidies but are too coarse a measure to identify tax credit effects, as described in the second essay. The third and final essay identifies articles on monocrystalline silicon and thin film solar panels, the two main types of solar energy research. Together, these essays provide new methods for producing article count time series; new data describing solar and wind innovation; parameters enabling future climate policy models to incorporate effects on innovation; and results suggesting direct and indirect U.S. policies have encouraged solar and wind energy research-
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