2016年，全球可再生能源行業(yè)雇傭了980萬(wàn)人，比2015年增長(zhǎng)了1.1%。2016年，不包括大型水電在內(nèi)的可再生能源就業(yè)崗位增加2.8%，達(dá)到830萬(wàn)個(gè)。中國(guó)、巴西、美國(guó)、印度、日本和德國(guó)提供了大部分可再生能源工作。向亞洲的轉(zhuǎn)移仍在繼續(xù)，全球62%的人口在亞洲。R太陽(yáng)能光伏(PV)是最大的雇主，有310萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位，比2015年增長(zhǎng)了12%。增長(zhǎng)主要來(lái)自中國(guó)、美國(guó)和印度，而日本的就業(yè)人數(shù)首次下降，歐盟的就業(yè)人數(shù)也在繼續(xù)下降。美國(guó)、德國(guó)、印度和巴西的新風(fēng)電裝機(jī)增加了120萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位，對(duì)全球風(fēng)電就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)了7%。液體生物燃料(170萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位)、固體生物質(zhì)(70萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位)和沼氣(30萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位)也是主要的雇主，工作崗位主要集中在原料供應(yīng)方面。巴西、中國(guó)、美國(guó)和印度是關(guān)鍵的生物能源就業(yè)市場(chǎng)。由于中國(guó)、巴西和歐盟等主要市場(chǎng)安裝速度放緩，太陽(yáng)能供熱和制冷行業(yè)的就業(yè)崗位減少了12%，至80萬(wàn)個(gè)。大型水電工程直接就業(yè)150萬(wàn)人，其中約60%從事運(yùn)維工作。主要的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)是中國(guó)、印度、巴西、俄羅斯聯(lián)邦和越南?？稍偕茉淳蜆I(yè)領(lǐng)域的性別歧視似乎沒(méi)有整個(gè)能源行業(yè)那么明顯。然而，就業(yè)和晉升方面的挑戰(zhàn)依然存在。為了了解區(qū)域動(dòng)態(tài)，IRENA、BNEF和CEBC在中東和北非(MENA)地區(qū)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，以確定進(jìn)入壁壘，并采取行動(dòng)解決清潔能源勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)中的性別歧視問(wèn)題。行動(dòng)包括:指導(dǎo)和培訓(xùn)，支持養(yǎng)育，公平和透明的過(guò)程，以及多樣化的目標(biāo)。
Global renewable energy sector employed 9.8 million people in 2016 – a 1.1% increase over 2015. Jobs in renewables, excluding large hydropower, increased by 2.8% to reach 8.3 million in 2016. R China, Brazil, the United States, India, Japan and Germany accounted for most of the renewable energy jobs. The shift to Asia continued, with 62% of the global total located in the continent. R Solar photovoltaic (PV) was the largest employer, with 3.1 million jobs, up 12% from 2015. The growth came mainly from China, the United States and India, whereas jobs decreased for the ?rst time in Japan, and continued to decline in the European Union. R New wind installations in the United States, Germany, India and Brazil contributed to a 7% increase in global wind employment, which reached 1.2 million jobs. R Liquid biofuels (1.7 million jobs), solid biomass (0.7 million) and biogas (0.3 million) were also major employers, with jobs concentrated in feedstock supply. Brazil, China, the United States and India were key bioenergy job markets. R Jobs in solar heating and cooling declined 12% to 0.8 million amid an installation slowdown in major markets such as China, Brazil and the European Union. R Large hydropower employed 1.5 million people (direct jobs), with around 60% of those in operation and maintenance. Key job markets were China, India, Brazil, the Russian Federation and Viet Nam. R Gender discrimination in renewable energy employment seems less pronounced than in the energy sector at large. However, challenges to employment and promotion remain. To understand regional dynamics, IRENA, BNEF, and CEBC conducted a survey in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to identify the barriers to entry as well as actions to address gender discrimination in the clean energy labour markets. Actions include: mentorship and training, support for parenting, fair and transparent processes, and targets for diversity.
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