Look back on this year1. A number of world events during the past year have posed important challenges to the international atomic energy agency.In the field of nuclear non-proliferation, the iaea has become a centre of worldwide attention and has demonstrated its ability to conduct effective and credible inspections.Last year was also the 50th anniversary of US President Dwight Eisenhower's "atoms for peace" speech to the UN general assembly, in which he laid out ideas that would enable mankind to make full use of the benefits of nuclear energy while minimizing its risks, which led to the creation of the atomic energy agency.Last year was a notable success for the iaea in its efforts to ensure that the benefits of nuclear technology are Shared globally for economic and social development.2. "looking back on the year" will focus on some of the major issues and challenges faced by the iaea and the international community during the year, while providing a perspective on emerging trends.technologyMaintain the continuity of nuclear knowledge and skills3. Since the late 1980s, nuclear power generation has grown almost at the same rate as global electricity production as a whole, by about 2.5 per cent a year.But that growth is well below the rapid expansion of nuclear power in the 1970s and early 1980s, and many universities and governments have now reduced or withdrawn support for research in nuclear science and engineering.The need to manage a large number of existing nuclear facilities (including licensing extensions) and to adopt next-generation plant designs has led member states to become increasingly aware of the need to develop succession plans for the nuclear industry to ensure that a new generation of young people with formal education and appropriate skills can replace the ageing nuclear workforce.In response to this situation, the agency has made the preservation of nuclear knowledge a high priority, a cross-cutting activity that covers all areas of the agency's programme.For example, a pilot project was launched in 2003 to build a fast reactor data and knowledge base to support future work in this area.In education, the focus has always been on providing guidance in support of nuclear education at the university level.Iaea, together with the oecd/nuclear energy agency, the world federation of nuclear operators and the world nuclear association, supported the creation of the world nuclear university in September 2003.Over time the world nuclear university should become the coordinating research institution for assessing the nuclear training and education needs of the participating countries.Another area for future work will be the development of standard materials and curricula for training courses and the development of internet-based and other remote teaching methods.

回眸這一年

1. 在過去一年里發(fā)生的一些世界性事件向國際原子能機構提出了重要挑戰(zhàn)。在防止核 擴散領域，原子能機構已經(jīng)成為舉世矚目的中心，并已證明它有能力開展有效和可信的 視察。去年也是美國總統(tǒng)德懷特?艾森豪威爾在聯(lián)合國大會發(fā)表“原子用于和平”演講 50周年，他在演講中提出了將使人類能夠在充分利用核能所帶來的利益的同時又盡可能 減少其風險的構想，這一構想導致成立了原子能機構。去年是原子能機構在努力確保全 球共享核技術利益以促進經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展方面取得顯著成功的一年。

2. “回眸這一年”將重點闡述原子能機構和國際社會在這一年里面臨的一些重大問題 和挑戰(zhàn)，同時提出對新出現(xiàn)的發(fā)展趨勢的展望。

技術

保持核知識和核技能的連續(xù)性

3. 自二十世紀80年代末期以來，核發(fā)電增長的速度幾乎與全球整個電力生產的增長 同步，每年大約增長2.5%。但是，這種增長遠低于核電在二十世紀70年代和80年代 初期的迅速擴展，并且許多大學和政府目前已經(jīng)減少或取消了對核科學和核工程研究的 支持。對管理大量現(xiàn)有核設施（包括許可證延長）和采用新一代電廠設計的要求已使成 員國愈加認識到需要制訂核工業(yè)的繼承計劃，以確保受過正規(guī)教育和擁有適當技能的新 一代青年能夠接替老化的核職工隊伍。

為了應對這種狀況，原子能機構已將保存核知識作為一個高度優(yōu)先事項，這是一項 涉及原子能機構所有計劃領域的交叉活動。例如，2003年啟動了 1個試驗項目，以期建 立1個快堆數(shù)據(jù)和知識庫來支持這一領域今后的工作。在教育方面，其重點始終是為支 持大學一級的核教育提供指導。原子能機構與經(jīng)合組織/核能機構、世界核電營運者聯(lián) 合會和世界核協(xié)會共同支助了 2003年9月世界核大學的創(chuàng)立。隨著時間的推移，世界 核大學應成為評定參加國有關核培訓和教育需求的協(xié)調研究機構。今后工作的另一些領 域是制訂培訓班的標準教材和課程以及發(fā)展基于因特網(wǎng)和其他遠程教學的方法。