各國政府每年在清潔能源研發(fā)上的支出超過100億美元。在“創(chuàng)新使命”（Mission Innovation）下，這一數(shù)額將大幅增長。2015年11月，20個(gè)國家在巴黎氣候大會(huì)開幕式上提出了在5年內(nèi)將清潔能源研發(fā)預(yù)算翻一番的倡議。這項(xiàng)新的資金可以大大有助于減少碳排放和能源貧困，盡管僅僅增加資金并不一定能帶來更好的結(jié)果。要實(shí)現(xiàn)使命創(chuàng)新的全部承諾，研究支出必須有很好的針對(duì)性，研究成果必須找到市場化的途徑。幫助資金流向最有希望的研究課題的一種方法是提高對(duì)世界各地相關(guān)工作的了解。盡管政府研發(fā)項(xiàng)目之間的信息共享可能很困難，但各國政府已表明愿意在包括國際能源署技術(shù)合作項(xiàng)目在內(nèi)的多個(gè)論壇上共同致力于清潔能源研發(fā)。為了使清潔能源研發(fā)計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生影響，其成果必須商業(yè)化。在現(xiàn)有的籌資機(jī)制下，這往往是困難的或不可能的，導(dǎo)致“死亡谷”在貨架上留下了許多技術(shù)上成功的創(chuàng)新。2015年11月成立的由27位億萬富翁組成的“突破性能源聯(lián)盟”（Breakthrough Energy Coalition）部分意在解決這一問題。太陽能是清潔能源研發(fā)的一個(gè)特別重要的領(lǐng)域。盡管太陽能發(fā)電成本在下降，部署在增加，但該行業(yè)仍然年輕。透明太陽能電池和鈣鈦礦材料等主題的研發(fā)可以顯著加快成本降低。各國政府每年在太陽能光伏研發(fā)項(xiàng)目上的投入超過9億美元。
National governments spend more than $10 billion per year on clean energy R&D. These amounts will grow significantly under Mission Innovation, an initiative to double clean energy R&D budgets in five years launched by 20 countries at the opening of the Paris climate conference in November 2015. This new funding could help significantly to cut carbon emissions and energy poverty, although more money alone will not necessarily deliver better results. To realize the full promise of Mission Innovation, research spending must be well targeted and research results must find their way to market. One way to help channel funds to the most promising research topics is to improve understanding of related work around the world. Although information sharing among government R&D programs can be difficult, governments have demonstrated a willingness to work together on clean energy R&D in several fora including the International Energy Agency’s Technology Collaboration Programs. For clean energy R&D programs to have impact, their results must be commercialized. This is often difficult or impossible with existing funding mechanisms, resulting in a “Valley of Death” that leaves many technically successful innovations on the shelf. The Breakthrough Energy Coalition, a group of 27 billionaires also launched in November 2015, is in part intended to address this problem. Solar power is an especially important area of clean energy R&D. Although solar power costs are falling and deployments increasing, the industry is still young. R&D on topics such as transparent solar cells and perovskite materials could significantly accelerate cost reductions. National governments spend more than $900 million annually on solar PV R&D programs.
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