印度尼西亞政府正在考慮改革其液化石油氣消費(fèi)補(bǔ)貼，因?yàn)槠湄?cái)政成本不斷上升：2016年25萬(wàn)億印尼盾（19億美元）：約占其能源補(bǔ)貼支出總額的一半。目前，所有公民都可獲得3公斤液化石油氣氣瓶的補(bǔ)貼。改革的目標(biāo)可能是向窮人提供補(bǔ)貼，或通過(guò)社會(huì)援助系統(tǒng)以現(xiàn)金轉(zhuǎn)移取代。 能源補(bǔ)貼改革對(duì)窮人的影響已經(jīng)被廣泛研究。大多數(shù)補(bǔ)貼福利往往是由最有購(gòu)買(mǎi)力的富人獲得的。但貧困家庭最易受到傷害，因?yàn)樗麄冏畈豢赡艹惺芨叩哪茉磧r(jià)格。然而，對(duì)性別差異的影響知之甚少。就液化石油氣（一種用于烹飪的家用燃料）而言，女性可能比男性受到的影響更大，因?yàn)樗齻冐?fù)責(zé)大部分烹飪和家庭管理工作。 這項(xiàng)研究通過(guò)審查現(xiàn)有的家庭能源使用數(shù)據(jù)和相關(guān)的性別問(wèn)題，對(duì)印度尼西亞液化石油氣補(bǔ)貼改革和性別問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了初步調(diào)查。重點(diǎn)是窮人和近窮人，按收入計(jì)算，他們占人口的35%。資料來(lái)自五項(xiàng)全國(guó)住戶調(diào)查和對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的審查。這項(xiàng)研究是由性別和可持續(xù)能源國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)（EnnGa）和英國(guó)國(guó)際發(fā)展部支持的更廣泛的能源和性別項(xiàng)目的一部分，其中包括國(guó)際文獻(xiàn)回顧和孟加拉、印度和尼日利亞的范圍研究。 這次數(shù)據(jù)審計(jì)的目的是做兩件事。首先，它收集印度尼西亞婦女地位的一般數(shù)據(jù)。這表明性別平等的程度以及婦女是否面臨不利條件。其次，報(bào)告審查了能源使用情況，特別是貧窮婦女的能源使用情況，以確定婦女是否更有可能受到補(bǔ)貼改革的影響。審計(jì)的目的是建立一個(gè)基準(zhǔn)，并查明數(shù)據(jù)差距。稍后階段的工作可能會(huì)設(shè)法解決其中一些數(shù)據(jù)缺口，并確定政策影響和解決辦法。
The Government of Indonesia is considering reform of its consumer subsidies for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) due to its rising fiscal cost: IDR 25 trillion (USD 1.9 billion) in 2016: around half of its total energy subsidy expenditure. Subsidized 3-kg LPG cylinders are currently available to all citizens. Reforms are likely to target the subsidy to the poor or replace it with cash transfers through the social assistance system. The impact of energy subsidy reform on the poor has been widely studied. Most subsidy benefits tend to be captured by the wealthy that have the most purchasing power. But poor households are most vulnerable because they can least afford higher energy prices. Gender differentiated impacts are, however, poorly understood. In the case of LPG, a household fuel used for cooking, women are likely to be more affected than men because they do most of the cooking and household management. This study provides an initial investigation into LPG subsidy reform and gender in Indonesia by examining the available data on household use of energy and relevant gender issues. The focus is on the poor and nearpoor, which comprise the bottom 35 per cent of the population by income. Information is derived from five national household surveys and a review of relevant literature. The study is part of a broader project on energy and gender supported by the International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy (ENERGIA) and the U.K. Department for International Development, which includes an international literature review and scoping studies in Bangladesh, India and Nigeria. This data audit aims to do two things. First, it gathers general data on the status of women in Indonesia. This demonstrates the degree of gender equity and whether women face disadvantages. Second, the report examines energy use, particularly by poor women, to establish whether women are more likely to be affected by subsidy reform. The audit aims to establish a baseline and to identify data gaps. A later phase of work may seek to address some of these data gaps and identify policy implications and solutions.
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