在這篇文章中，David von Hippel和Peter Hayes通過評估日本核能部門的未來和乏燃料管理的三種“途徑”，討論了日本乏燃料在非國家攻擊下的脆弱性。然而，就核能部門或整體發(fā)電成本、甚至溫室氣體排放而言，這些路徑之間的微小差異，在確定減少日本核能部門遭受事故或恐怖襲擊的脆弱性的最佳政策方向方面，并不具有重大意義。

In this essay, David von Hippel and Peter Hayes address the vulnerability of Japan’s spent fuel to non-state attack by evaluating three “paths” for the future of the Japanese nuclear energy sector and management of spent nuclear fuel. The minor differences between the paths in terms of nuclear energy sector or overall electricity generation costs, or even greenhouse gas emissions, are not,however, significant in determining the best policy direction to reduce the vulnerability of Japan’s nuclear sector to accident or terrorist attack.