在過去的40年里，液化石油氣（LPG）在印度得到了普遍的補(bǔ)貼，以以低廉的價(jià)格提供清潔的家用烹飪能源。隨著液化石油氣消費(fèi)量的增加，在過去10年里，每年的補(bǔ)貼支出增加了兩倍多。除了日益增加的補(bǔ)貼負(fù)擔(dān)外，液化石油氣補(bǔ)貼計(jì)劃還面臨著以下挑戰(zhàn)：（一）將補(bǔ)貼產(chǎn)品用于非預(yù)期用途；（二）許多家庭有多種聯(lián)系；（三）城市和相對(duì)高收入階層之間液化石油氣補(bǔ)貼（和消費(fèi)）的分配不均。 為了遏制分流和消除重復(fù)連接，印度政府啟動(dòng)了液化石油氣直接利益轉(zhuǎn)移（DBTL）計(jì)劃，直接向消費(fèi)者的銀行賬戶提供液化石油氣補(bǔ)貼。該計(jì)劃于2013年6月首次試點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)，但后來因消費(fèi)者不滿而暫停。根據(jù)專家委員會(huì)的建議，2015年1月1日，修改后的DBTL計(jì)劃在全國(guó)啟動(dòng)。它擁有近1.5億注冊(cè)受益人（家庭），現(xiàn)在被公認(rèn)為世界上最大的福利轉(zhuǎn)移計(jì)劃。 我們對(duì)修訂后的DBTL計(jì)劃進(jìn)行了獨(dú)立的績(jī)效評(píng)估，重點(diǎn)評(píng)估該計(jì)劃相對(duì)于其既定目標(biāo)和實(shí)施過程的有效性，以及關(guān)鍵利益相關(guān)者在該計(jì)劃實(shí)施和影響方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。研究還揭示了不同利益相關(guān)者面臨的困難，并提出了改革建議。最后，它提供了從該計(jì)劃的實(shí)施中吸取的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。我們采用混合研究方法，包括對(duì)1270戶家庭和92家液化石油氣經(jīng)銷商的初步調(diào)查，以及對(duì)古吉拉特邦、哈里亞納邦和喀拉拉邦三個(gè)邦的實(shí)地官員和銀行經(jīng)理的半結(jié)構(gòu)化訪談。此外，我們還采訪了石油銷售公司（OMC）和石油天然氣部（MoPNG）的高級(jí)官員。
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has been universally subsidized in India for last 40 years to provide clean domestic cooking energy at an affordable price. With a rise in LPG consumption, the annual subsidy outlay has more than tripled over the last 10 years. Apart from a rising subsidy burden, the LPG subsidy program has been facing the challenges of: (i) diversion of subsidized product for unintended purposes; (ii) multiple connections in many households; and (iii) skewed distribution of LPG subsidies (and consumption) among urban and relatively high-income classes. With the aim to curb diversion and weed out duplicate connections, the Government of India launched the Direct Benefit Transfer for LPG (DBTL) scheme to provide LPG subsidies directly into consumers’ bank accounts. The scheme was first launched in June 2013 on a pilot basis, but was later suspended due to consumer grievances. Based on the recommendations of an expert committee, the modified DBTL scheme was launched across the country on January 1, 2015. With close to 150 million enrolled beneficiaries (households), it is now recognized as the world’s largest benefit transfer scheme. We conducted an independent performance evaluation of the modified DBTL scheme, with a focus on assessing the efficacy of the scheme against its stated objectives and its implementation process, as well as the experiences of key stakeholders with the scheme’s implementation and impact. The study also unravels the difficulties faced by different stakeholders and puts forward suggestions for reforms. Finally, it provides insights into the lessons learned from the scheme’s implementation. We used the mixed methods approach of research comprising a primary survey of 1,270 households and 92 LPG distributors, and semi-structured interviews with field officers and bank managers across the three states of Gujarat, Haryana and Kerala. In addition, we interviewed senior officials at the oil marketing companies (OMCs) and the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG).
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