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美國能源外交U.S. ENERGY DIPLOMACY

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更新時間：2021-09-19
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石油和天然氣的繁榮使美國的能源格局發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，在全球范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應(yīng)。這一轉(zhuǎn)變引發(fā)了關(guān)于華盛頓如何利用這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)的財富在國際上取得優(yōu)勢的討論。這一領(lǐng)域的新興文獻(xiàn)似乎一致認(rèn)為，生產(chǎn)大量碳?xì)浠衔锏膰铱梢垣@得重大利益，但往往忽略了一個明確界定的分析起點(diǎn)，例如關(guān)于公共和私人行為者之間的分工。奧巴馬政府是第一個將這一“工具”放在外交工具箱中的政府，并就如何利用美國資源幫助歐洲等盟國提出了反復(fù)的要求。向特朗普政府的過渡帶來了許多政策變化，包括外交方面的變化，不過“釋放”美國資源到世界的口號表明，在沒有外交基調(diào)的情況下，美國的政策是連續(xù)的，而不是改變的。本文回顧了美國能源外交的歷史，以及美國石油和天然氣繁榮對能源外交的影響。然后，本文探討了美國能源外交的局限性，并提供了一個案例分析，以說明美國能源外交在哪些方面有所欠缺，以及在哪些方面取得了成功。簡而言之，本文發(fā)現(xiàn)：

The oil and gas boom has turned the US energy landscape upside down, with ripple effects around the world. This transformation has given rise to discussions of how Washington can leverage these newly found riches to its advantage internationally. The emerging literature in this field seems to agree that major benefits accrue to those nations that produce massive amounts of hydrocarbons but too often misses a clearly defined starting point for analysis, for instance regarding the division of labor between public and private actors. The Obama administration was the first to have this “tool” in its diplomatic toolbox and made repetitive claims about how American resources were going to be used to help allies in, for instance, Europe. The transition to the Trump administration brought with it numerous policy changes, including on the diplomatic front, though the mantra to “unleash” US resources into the world has suggested continuity, rather than change, absent the tone of diplomacy. This paper examines the history of US energy diplomacy and how it has been altered by the US oil and gas boom. It then explores the limitations of US energy diplomacy and provides a case study to illustrate areas where it has come up short and areas where it has found success. In short, the paper finds the following:

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