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委內瑞拉石油市場日益增長的風險VENEZUELA’S GROWING RISK TO THE OIL MARKET 委內瑞拉石油市場日益增長的風險VENEZUELA’S GROWING RISK TO THE OIL MARKET

委內瑞拉石油市場日益增長的風險VENEZUELA’S GROWING RISK TO THE OIL MARKET

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  • 更新時間:2021-09-17
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一個社會如何支付工商業(yè)活動的環(huán)境和社會成本?隨著各國致力于解決全球氣候變化問題,這個問題成為前沿和中心。經濟學家普遍認為,以市場為基礎減少與氣候變化有關的排放的成本效益,碳稅是正在考慮的最受歡迎的制度之一。 在美國,反對任何能夠解決氣候變化成本的制度,即使是基于市場原則的制度,仍然意義重大。然而,最近對碳稅的興趣有所上升,其中包括兩黨的知名人士。未來立法對碳稅更感興趣的可能性意味著,可能需要考慮一些重要的政策設計問題,迄今為止,各研究機構和大學對這些問題進行了大量探索。 在這項工作的基礎上,哥倫比亞大學國際和公共事務學院全球能源政策中心正在與外部合作伙伴合作開展一項研究工作,探討決策者需要了解的一系列問題,對決策者可能選擇考慮的不同情景的影響進行建模,并產生有助于決策過程的見解。這項碳稅設計研究計劃將通過一系列論文、公共活動、研討會和決策者簡報,為利益相關者和政策制定者提供一種資源,介紹關鍵的設計選擇以及這些選擇對碳稅實施的影響。

How does a society pay for the environmental and social costs of industrial and commercial activity? This question is front and center as nations work to address climate change across the globe. Economists broadly agree about the cost effectiveness of a market-based approach to reducing the emissions associated with climate change, with a carbon tax being one of the most popular of systems under consideration. In the United States, opposition to any system that would address the costs of climate change—even one based on market principles—remains significant. Yet there has been a recent uptick in interest in a carbon tax, including from prominent members of both parties. The possibility of greater future legislative interest in a carbon tax means that a number of important policy design questions may need to be considered, and there has been considerable exploration of these questions to date by various research institutes and universities. Building on this work, the Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs is undertaking a research effort in collaboration with external partners to explore the range of issues that policymakers will need to understand, model the effects of different scenarios that policymakers may choose to consider, and produce insights that will inform the policymaking process. This Carbon Tax Design research initiative will serve as a resource for both stakeholders and policymakers through a series of papers, public events, workshops, and policymaker briefings about the key design choices and the implications of those choices in the implementation of a carbon tax.

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