首頁 > 資料下載 > 2014年IEA國家能源供應(yīng)安全應(yīng)急響應(yīng)ENERGY SUPPLY SECURITY_ Emergency Response of IEA Countries 2014

2014年IEA國家能源供應(yīng)安全應(yīng)急響應(yīng)ENERGY SUPPLY SECURITY_ Emergency Response of IEA Countries 2014

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更新時(shí)間：2021-09-17
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國際能源機(jī)構(gòu)（iea）成立于1974年，由16個(gè)經(jīng)合組織成員國組成。它的主要任務(wù)是執(zhí)行國際能源計(jì)劃，這是一項(xiàng)在國際范圍內(nèi)解決石油安全問題的聯(lián)合戰(zhàn)略。該方案是對1973年國際石油中斷以及由此產(chǎn)生的廣泛宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的回應(yīng)。國際能源機(jī)構(gòu)成立40年來，能源世界發(fā)生了重大變化，對能源安全的性質(zhì)和范圍都產(chǎn)生了影響。2013年年中，新興市場和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體石油消費(fèi)首次超過經(jīng)合組織國家。水平鉆井和水力壓裂等技術(shù)為以前認(rèn)為太具挑戰(zhàn)性或不經(jīng)濟(jì)的油氣儲(chǔ)量開辟了通道。預(yù)計(jì)到2030年，北美將成為石油凈出口國，而大多數(shù)其他主要石油消費(fèi)地區(qū)和國家將在更大程度上依賴進(jìn)口。石油的使用也越來越多地轉(zhuǎn)向亞太市場，遠(yuǎn)離大西洋盆地。自1974年以來，天然氣在世界能源結(jié)構(gòu)中發(fā)揮著越來越大的作用，從占一次能源供應(yīng)總量的16%增長到21%以上。2008年，經(jīng)合組織非成員經(jīng)濟(jì)體的天然氣需求超過了經(jīng)合組織國家。由于長輸管道的發(fā)展和液化天然氣的跨區(qū)域貿(mào)易，天然氣市場正變得更加全球化。近年來，電力安全已成為許多新興市場以及經(jīng)合組織成員國日益關(guān)注的問題。2011年至2035年期間，電力需求的增長速度將超過任何其他最終形式的能源，增長超過三分之二。經(jīng)合組織國家燃?xì)獍l(fā)電量的穩(wěn)步增長加強(qiáng)了電力和燃?xì)獠块T之間的聯(lián)系，增加了兩者的供應(yīng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

The International Energy Agency (IEA) was created in 1974 with a membership of 16 OECD member countries. Its primary mandate was to implement the International Energy Program (I.E.P.), a joint strategy to address oil security issues on an international scale. The programme was a response to the international oil disruption of 1973 and to the wide-ranging macroeconomic problems it generated. Considerable changes have taken place in the energy world in the four decades since the founding of the IEA that have had an impact on both the nature and the scope of energy security. In mid-2013, emerging market and developing economies overtook the OECD countries in oil consumption for the first time. Techniques such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have opened access to oil and gas reserves that were previously considered too challenging or uneconomical to develop. North America is expected to become a net exporter of oil before 2030, while most other major oil-consuming regions and countries will rely on imports to a greater extent. Oil use is also increasingly moving towards Asia- Pacific markets and away from the Atlantic basin. Natural gas has played an ever greater role in the world’s energy mix, growing from 16% to over 21% of total primary energy supply (TPES) in the period since 1974. Natural gas demand in OECD non-member economies overtook that of the OECD countries in 2008. The natural gas market is becoming more global, thanks to the development of longer pipelines and inter-regional trade of liquefied natural gas. Electricity security has become a growing concern in many emerging markets as well as in OECD member countries in recent years. Demand for electricity is set to rise faster than any other final form of energy, expanding by more than two-thirds over the period from 2011 to 2035. The steady increase in gas-fired electricity generation in OECD countries has strengthened linkages between the power and the gas sectors, increasing supply risks for both.

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