首頁 > 資料下載 > 低油價會損害美國乘用車燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嗎？DO LOW OIL PRICES UNDERMINE US PASSENGER VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS?

低油價會損害美國乘用車燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嗎？DO LOW OIL PRICES UNDERMINE US PASSENGER VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS?

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燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是美國減少石油消耗和溫室氣體排放的核心。2010年，環(huán)境保護(hù)局（EPA）和交通部（DOT）制定了2012至2016車型年的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。制造商必須達(dá)到的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求取決于其銷售車輛的尺寸，而之前的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對轎車和輕型卡車規(guī)定了統(tǒng)一的要求。由于采用了新的結(jié)構(gòu)，該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所要求的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性水平取決于所售轎車與輕型卡車的比例以及這些車輛的尺寸。如果銷量從小型車轉(zhuǎn)向大型車，所需的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性水平就會降低。此外，由于制造商在其車隊中實現(xiàn)了平均水平的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性，因此特定車輛的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性可能與其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有所不同。因此，銷售組合的變化會影響標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性水平，這與消費者選擇的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性水平不同。雖然2012年至2014年年中，燃油價格保持相對較高和穩(wěn)定，但2014年夏季開始大幅下降。本文考察了2014年6月至2015年8月期間燃油價格下降對消費者購買新車的影響?？紤]到汽車和輕型卡車類別內(nèi)和類別間的銷售變化，我們估計了燃油價格下降對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性水平以及消費者選擇的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性水平的影響。

Fuel economy standards lie at the center of US efforts to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions. In 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Transportation (DOT) set standards for model years 2012 through 2016. The fuel economy requirement that manufacturers have to achieve depends on the size of the vehicles they sell, whereas previous standards set uniform requirements for cars and light trucks. Because of the new structure, the level of fuel economy required by the standards depends on the proportion of cars to light trucks sold, as well as the size of those vehicles. If sales shift from smaller to larger vehicles, the required level of fuel economy decreases. In addition, because manufacturers achieve an average level of fuel economy across their fleet, the fuel economy of a specific vehicle can differ from its standard. Changes in sales mix can, therefore, affect the level of fuel economy required from the standards differently from the level of fuel economy that consumers choose. While fuel prices remained relatively high and stable between 2012 and mid-2014, they began declining sharply in the summer of 2014. This paper examines the effect of lower fuel prices between June 2014 and August 2015 on consumer purchases of new vehicles. Accounting for changes in sales within the car and light truck classes and across classes, we estimate the effects of the decline in fuel prices on the level of fuel economy required by the standards as well as on the level of fuel economy that consumers choose.

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