2009年至2014年間，美國的石油和天然氣開發(fā)急劇增加，隨后隨著大宗商品價格下跌，石油和天然氣開發(fā)急劇下滑。這種增長和隨后的收縮已經(jīng)影響到數(shù)十個地區(qū)的地方政府。2013年至2015年，我們對16個州21個地區(qū)的數(shù)百名地方官員進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)性采訪，發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)地方政府都從石油和天然氣開發(fā)的增加中獲得了凈財政收益。2016年和2017年，我們回到了五個關(guān)鍵地區(qū)（巴克肯、丹佛-朱列斯堡、伊格爾-福特、馬塞勒斯和二疊紀(jì)劇團(tuán)），看看經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退是否以及如何影響了地方政府的財政狀況。雖然效果因地方因素而異，但財政狀況總體有所改善，82%的地方政府報告了凈的積極財政效果，而我們此前訪問這些地區(qū)時，這一比例為63%。然而，管理收入波動已成為許多地方政府面臨的一項(xiàng)重大挑戰(zhàn)，雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)多樣化是大多數(shù)地方官員的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，但實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)將是困難的，特別是對于嚴(yán)重依賴石油和天然氣部門的農(nóng)村社區(qū)。

Oil and gas development in the United States dramatically increased between 2009 and 2014, then saw a steep downturn as commodity prices fell. This growth and subsequent contraction has affected local governments in dozens of regions. From 2013 to 2015, we conducted structured interviews with hundreds of local officials in 21 regions across 16 states, finding that most local governments had experienced net fiscal benefits from increased oil and gas development. We returned to five key regions (the Bakken, Denver-Julesburg, Eagle Ford, Marcellus, and Permian plays) in 2016 and 2017 to see whether and how the downturn had affected fiscal conditions for local governments. While effects varied depending on local factors, fiscal conditions have generally improved, with 82 percent of local governments reporting net positive fiscal effects, compared with 63 percent during our previous visits to these regions. However, managing revenue volatility has emerged as a major challenge for many local governments, and while economic diversification is a priority for most local officials, achieving this goal will be difficult, particularly for rural communities that are or have become heavily dependent on the oil and gas sector.