為了減輕 氣候變化。實(shí)現(xiàn)這種減少的方法之一是捕獲和儲(chǔ)存二氧化碳。 （CCS）。CCS要求在大型工業(yè)設(shè)施中捕獲二氧化碳（CO2）， 例如發(fā)電廠，以及向CO2所在的地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)存場(chǎng)地的運(yùn)輸 被隔離的如果實(shí)施，CCS可以允許化石燃料使用很少或沒(méi)有二氧化碳 直到替代能源得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用。大量 CO2最有效地通過(guò)管道輸送并儲(chǔ)存在深鹽水層中。 或在油藏中，其中CO2用于提高石油采收率（EOR）。本論文 描述一組用于估算CO2項(xiàng)目特定成本的模型 運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存。管道CO2輸送的工程經(jīng)濟(jì)模型 洪水提高采收率和蓄水層就是為此而開發(fā)的。這些模型結(jié)合在一起 概率分析能力，用于量化運(yùn)輸?shù)拿舾行院?存儲(chǔ)成本對(duì)模型輸入?yún)?shù)的可變性和不確定性的影響。二氧化碳的成本 除了 管道的長(zhǎng)度和設(shè)計(jì)能力等因素。在 鹽漬含水層對(duì)影響場(chǎng)地特征成本的因素最為敏感。 對(duì)于提高采收率項(xiàng)目，CO2儲(chǔ)存歷來(lái)是采油的次要影響； 因此，無(wú)法確定CO2儲(chǔ)存的平衡成本。相反，EOR項(xiàng)目是 基于CO2的盈虧平衡價(jià)格（即，項(xiàng)目所在的CO2價(jià)格）進(jìn)行評(píng)估 凈現(xiàn)值為零)。CO2收支平衡價(jià)格對(duì)石油最為敏感。 油價(jià)、油藏生產(chǎn)區(qū)外CO2的損失以及油藏壓力。 未來(lái)的研究應(yīng)該包括收集和聚集更具體的數(shù)據(jù) 3.表征含水層儲(chǔ)存的可能地點(diǎn)以及這些模型的應(yīng)用 數(shù)據(jù)。替代性法規(guī)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)要求的含義 還應(yīng)研究表征以更全面地評(píng)估成本影響。
Large reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are needed to mitigate the impacts of climate change. One method of achieving such reductions is CO2 capture and storage (CCS). CCS requires the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) at a large industrial facility, such as a power plant, and its transport to a geological storage site where CO2 is sequestered. If implemented, CCS could allow fossil fuels to be used with little or no CO2 emissions until alternative energy sources are more widely deployed. Large volumes of CO2 are most efficiently transported by pipeline and stored either in deep saline aquifers or in oil reservoirs, where CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This thesis describes a suite of models developed to estimate the project-specific cost of CO2 transport and storage. Engineering-economic models of pipeline CO2 transport, CO2- flood EOR, and aquifer storage were developed for this purpose. The models incorporate a probabilistic analysis capability that is used to quantify the sensitivity of transport and storage cost to variability and uncertainty in the model input parameters. The cost of CO2 pipeline transport is shown to be sensitive to the region of construction, in addition to factors such as the length and design capacity of the pipeline. The cost of CO2 storage in saline aquifers is shown to be most sensitive to factors affecting site characterization cost. For EOR projects, CO2 storage has traditionally been a secondary effect of oil recovery; thus, a levelized cost of CO2 storage cannot be defined. Instead EOR projects were evaluated based on the breakeven price of CO2 (i.e., the price of CO2 at which the project net present value is zero). The breakeven CO2 price is shown to be most sensitive to oil prices, losses of CO2 outside the productive zone of the reservoir, and reservoir pressure. Future research should include collection and aggregation of more specific data iiicharacterizing possible sites for aquifer storage and applications of these models to this data. The implications of alternative regulations and requirements for site characterization should also be studied to more fully assess cost impacts.
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