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IEA石油供應應急響應系統(tǒng)IEA Response System for OIL SUPPLY EMERHENCIES

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更新時間：2021-09-17
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自1974年國際能源機構成立以來，對石油供應中斷的應急反應一直是該機構的核心任務。這本信息手冊解釋了導致國際能源機構采取集體行動的決策過程、可用的措施（重點是庫存抽?。┮约皣H能源機構對重大石油供應中斷的歷史背景和應對措施。它還表明，繼續(xù)需要做好應急準備，包括使主要轉型經濟體和新興經濟體參與能源安全對話的重要性日益增加。國際能源機構的應急機制是根據(jù)1974年關于國際能源計劃的協(xié)定（即P協(xié)定）建立的。《國際能源協(xié)議》要求國際能源機構成員國持有相當于石油凈進口量至少90天的石油庫存，并在石油供應出現(xiàn)重大中斷的情況下，釋放庫存、抑制需求、轉向其他燃料、增加國內產量或在必要時分享可用石油。為了補充《聯(lián)合國協(xié)定》中定義的機制，國際能源機構闡述了靈活安排，以協(xié)調使用庫存、需求約束和其他措施，這些措施可以在應對石油供應中斷的情況下實施。國際能源機構的集體應對行動旨在通過綜合應急措施（包括增加供應和減少需求）向全球市場提供更多石油，減輕石油供應突然短缺的負面影響。盡管供應短缺可能導致價格上漲，但價格并不是集體應對行動的觸發(fā)因素，因為這些可能是由其他因素引起的，而應對行動的目標是抵消實際的實物短缺，而不是對價格變動作出反應。與非國際能源機構成員國的消費國保持密切對話與合作，并與主要生產國協(xié)調采取集體行動。

Emergency response to oil supply disruptions has remained a core mission of the International Energy Agency since its founding in 1974. This information pamphlet explains the decision- making process leading to an IEA collective action, the measures available – focusing on stockdraw – and finally, the historical background of major oil supply disruptions and the IEA response to them. It also demonstrates the continuing need for emergency preparedness, including the growing importance of engaging key transition and emerging economies in dialogue about energy security. The IEA emergency response mechanisms were set up under the 1974 Agreement on an International Energy Program (I.E.P. Agreement). The I.E.P. Agreement requires IEA member countries to hold oil stocks equivalent to at least 90 days of net oil imports and – in the event of a major oil supply disruption – to release stocks, restrain demand, switch to other fuels, increase domestic production or share available oil, if necessary. To supplement the mechanisms defined in the I.E.P. Agreement, the IEA has elaborated flexible arrangements for co-ordinated use of stockdraw, demand restraint and other measures which could be implemented in response to a disruption in oil supplies. IEA collective response actions are designed to mitigate the negative impacts of sudden oil supply shortages by making additional oil available to the global market through a combination of emergency response measures, which include both increasing supply and reducing demand. Although supply shortages may bring about rising prices, prices are not a trigger for a collective response action, as these can be caused by other factors and the goal of the response action is to offset an actual physical shortage, not react to price movements. Close dialogue and co-operation are maintained with consuming countries that are not member countries of the IEA and collective actions are taken in co-ordination with major producing countries.

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