2015年11月，艾伯塔省的新民主黨（NDP）在贏得意外選舉僅僅六個(gè)月后，就致力于北美迄今最雄心勃勃的氣候計(jì)劃。該計(jì)劃的核心部分是到2030年逐步淘汰煤電，并制定一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)范圍內(nèi)的碳價(jià)格。艾伯塔省逐步淘汰煤電將涉及到艾伯塔省2016年超過40%的裝機(jī)容量的退役，以及事實(shí)上逐步淘汰當(dāng)?shù)氐臒崦旱V。作為一個(gè)擁有私有煤電廠、沒有明顯煙霧和公眾對(duì)能源行業(yè)的大力支持的司法管轄區(qū)，艾伯塔省在設(shè)計(jì)有效的煤炭逐步淘汰方面面臨許多挑戰(zhàn)。 在氣候領(lǐng)導(dǎo)計(jì)劃之后的兩年里，NDP宣布了一項(xiàng)CAD 11億的支付給煤電公司鎖定煤炭出口，一個(gè)新的電力市場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)以取代電力和CAD 4500萬來規(guī)劃煤工和社區(qū)。1，公眾意見仍然分裂，艾伯塔省的解決方案得到了有組織勞工、電力公司、公共衛(wèi)生倡導(dǎo)者、環(huán)境非政府組織和聯(lián)邦政府的支持。省級(jí)選舉中的政治變化、新的利益相關(guān)者的崛起、聯(lián)邦政府和省級(jí)政府之間的忠誠(chéng)、以及成為內(nèi)陸能源經(jīng)濟(jì)的壓力，都對(duì)阿爾伯塔的煤炭出口奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 本文探討了導(dǎo)致逐步淘汰的情況以及受影響的參與者所采取的行動(dòng)，這些參與者可以從阿爾伯塔省得到啟發(fā)和教訓(xùn)：決策者、活動(dòng)家、環(huán)境組織、煤炭工業(yè)和其他向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的人。為了分析關(guān)鍵因素和利益相關(guān)者的立場(chǎng)，本案例研究使用了國(guó)際可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究所創(chuàng)建的“四C”能源改革框架：背景、支持者和反對(duì)者、改革案例和補(bǔ)充政策。
In November 2015, just six months after winning a surprise election, the New Democratic Party (NDP) in Alberta committed to the most ambitious climate plan in North America to date. The capstone components of the plan were a phase-out of coal power by 2030 and an economy-wide carbon price. The phase-out of coal power in Alberta will involve the retirement of over 40 per cent of Alberta’s 2016 installed capacity and the de facto phase-out of local thermal coal mines. As a jurisdiction with privately owned coal plants, no noticeable smog and strong public support for the energy industry, Alberta had many challenges to overcome in designing an effective coal phase-out. In the two years that followed the Climate Leadership Plan, the NDP announced a CAD 1.1 billion payout to coal power companies to lock in their coal exit, a new electricity market design to bring in replacement power and CAD 45 million in programming to transition coal workers and communities.1 While public opinion is still divided, Alberta’s solution gained the support of organized labour, power companies, public health advocates, environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) and the federal government. Political change in the provincial election, the rise of new stakeholders, allegiances between federal and provincial governments, and the pressures of being a land-locked energy economy were all critical in setting the stage for Alberta’s coal exit. This paper explores the circumstances leading to the phase-out and the actions taken by affected players for those who may draw inspiration and lessons from Alberta: policy-makers, campaigners, environmental groups, the coal industry and others transitioning to a low-carbon economy. To analyze critical factors and the positions of stakeholders, this case study uses the “four C” energy reform framework created by the International Institute of Sustainable Development: context, champions and opponents, case for reform and complementary policies.
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