As an important basic industry of national economy, iron and steel industry supports the rapid development of national economy.The year 2016 is the first year of the 13th five-year plan and also a crucial year for the supply-side reform of the steel industry.According to the latest data from the national bureau of statistics, China produced 701 million tons of iron, 808 million tons of steel and 1.138 million tons of timber in 2016, an increase of 0.74 percent, 1.24 percent and 2.3 percent, respectively, over the previous year.In addition, China's crude steel output in the first half of 2017 was 347 million tons, up 4.4 percent year-on-year.It can be seen from figure 1-1 that the growth rate of crude steel production in China is slowing down, and the growth rate has been declining continuously since 2013. In 2014, crude steel production reached a peak of 823 million tons.In 2015, crude steel output dropped by 2.3%. On the one hand, it indicates that under the new normal of economic growth, the reduction of demand from downstream industries has a significant impact on the steel industry.On the other hand, it shows that under the joint efforts of the government and the industry, part of the capacity under construction in China's iron and steel industry has withdrawn from the market, and the action of "cutting capacity and reducing output" has achieved initial results.Affected by trade friction and the rebound in domestic steel prices, China's steel exports have been on a downward trend since the second half of 2016.China exported 108.43 million tons of steel in 2016, down 3.5% or 3.96 million tons year-on-year.Imports of steel were 13.21 million tons, up 3.4 percent or 420,000 tons.Exports of steel fell, but imports rose slightly.This is different from the steady decline in steel imports during the 12th five-year plan period and the sharp rise in exports. In 2016, the net export of steel was 98.82 million tons, accounting for 12.23% of the total output of crude steel, down 0.57% from 2015.From the historical data, 2014 is the peak year of crude steel production, and 2013 is the peak year of crude steel apparent consumption.The apparent consumption of crude steel was 763 million tons in 2013 and 709 million tons in 2016.China's steel production to meet the domestic market demand.Profit and loss situation in recent years from the price level, the domestic market steel prices continue to decline.In 2016, the price of steel rose from the bottom, the fluctuation rose and moved to the reasonable price. The composite price index of steel rose from 56.37 points at the end of 2015 to 99.51 points at the end of 2016, which is the cyclical and reasonable return of market prices.But this is only out of the doldrums, not out of the woods yet.The profit margin on sales was only 1.08 percent, far less than the industrial average of 5.97 percent.At the same time, the current pattern of market supply outstripping demand remains unchanged, making it a good time to further reduce overcapacity.Energy conservation and environmental protection level (1) changes in energy consumption from January to May 2017, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel in key steel enterprises was further reduced to about 578kgce/t.As can be seen from the table, in recent years, the energy consumption of pellet, converter and steel processing in key statistics enterprises has been decreasing. Under the influence of increasingly strict environmental protection requirements, electricity consumption and energy consumption of environmental equipment have increased in sintering and other processes, resulting in no significant reduction or even a slight increase in process energy consumption.During the 13th five-year plan period, the energy consumption index of the steel industry continued to improve, and the utilization level of resources and secondary energy was further raised.The utilization rate of steel slag, blast furnace slag, iron-containing dust, blast furnace gas, converter gas and coke oven gas has been kept at a high level.(2) emission of pollutants energy conservation and environmental protection technology has been significantly improved.A number of new environmental technologies and facilities such as closed stock yard or silo, upgrading of dust removal system, comprehensive treatment of unorganized flue gas in iron output field, upgrading of coking sewage treatment and marking, deep treatment of comprehensive sewage, efficient treatment and comprehensive utilization of metallurgical slag have been promoted.The environmental quality of major steel enterprises has improved significantly.More and more iron and steel enterprises pay attention to strengthen internal management, environmental protection in the plant dust control and yard management, campus afforestation, vigorously strengthen the readjustment of the environment, environmental performance level improved significantly, many factory "level" in appearance to look brand-new, have produced a large number of "garden" environmentally friendly factory factory, and clean production.According to the data analysis of China iron and steel industry environmental protection statistics monthly report, 121 key large and medium-sized steel enterprises in China have significantly reduced the emission of smoke, dust, SO2 and NOx per ton of steel.The proportion of various energy consumption in the national total is shown in table 1-3.According to the statistical bulletin of national economic and social development 2015 issued by the national bureau of statistics, crude steel output in 2015 decreased by 2.2% and comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel decreased by 0.56% on a year-on-year basis, indicating that total energy consumption of the industry has been on a downward trend.During the 13th five-year plan period, coal and water consumption is expected to be in direct proportion to crude steel output, which will decline with the decline of crude steel output. In addition, with the implementation of coal control plan, the proportion of coal in the energy structure of steel industry is expected to decrease gradually during the 13th five-year plan period.

產(chǎn)量變化情況 鋼鐵工業(yè)作為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)，支撐了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。 2016 年是“十三五”開局之年，也是鋼鐵行業(yè)供給側(cè)改革的攻堅之年。根據(jù)國家 統(tǒng)計局最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2016 年，我國鐵、鋼、材產(chǎn)量分別為 7.01 億噸、8.08 億噸和 11.38 億噸，同比分別增加 0.74%、1.24% 和 2.3%。此外，2017 年上半年我國粗鋼產(chǎn)量為 3.47 億噸，同比增加 4.4%。 由圖 1-1 可見，我國粗鋼產(chǎn)量增速放緩，自 2013 年開始增長幅度連續(xù)呈下降趨勢，2014 年，粗鋼產(chǎn)量 8.23 億噸，產(chǎn)量達(dá)到峰值。2015 年，粗鋼產(chǎn)量下降 2.3%，一方面 說明了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長新常態(tài)下，下游行業(yè)需求的降低對鋼鐵行業(yè)的影響顯著；另一方面，體 現(xiàn)了在政府及行業(yè)的共同努力下，我國鋼鐵工業(yè)部分在建產(chǎn)能退出市場，“去產(chǎn)能、降 產(chǎn)量”的行動已取得初步成效。進(jìn)出口情況 受貿(mào)易摩擦及國內(nèi)鋼材價格回升的影響，2016 年下半年以來我國鋼材出口呈回落 的趨勢。2016 年我國全年出口鋼材 1.0843 億噸，同比下降 3.5% 或 396 萬噸。全年進(jìn) 口鋼材 1321 萬噸，同比增長 3.4% 或 42 萬噸。鋼材出口量有所下降，但是進(jìn)口量略有 上升。這與“十二五”以來鋼材進(jìn)口量穩(wěn)定下降和但出口量急劇上升的趨勢有所差異， 2016 年全年凈出口鋼材折粗鋼 9882 萬噸，占全年粗鋼總產(chǎn)量的 12.23%，較 2015 年 下降 0.57%。消費情況 從歷史數(shù)據(jù)看，截至目前，2014 年是粗鋼產(chǎn)量峰值年，2013 年是粗鋼表觀消費峰 值年。2013 年粗鋼表觀消費量 7.63 億噸，2016 年粗鋼表觀消費量為 7.09 億噸。我國 鋼材生產(chǎn)以滿足國內(nèi)市場需求為主。盈虧情況 近年來從價格水平看，國內(nèi)市場鋼材價格連續(xù)下跌。2016 年鋼材價格從底部回升， 波動上行，向合理價位移動，鋼材綜合價格指數(shù)從 2015 年底的 56.37 點上升到 2016 年 底 99.51 點，這是市場價格周期性合理回歸。但這僅僅是走出了低谷，還沒有完全走出 困境。銷售利潤率只有 1.08%，遠(yuǎn)小于工業(yè)行業(yè) 5.97% 的平均水平。同時，當(dāng)前市場供 大于求格局未變，是進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)化解過剩產(chǎn)能的好時機。節(jié)能環(huán)保水平 (1) 能耗變化情況2017 年 1-5 月，重點統(tǒng)計鋼鐵企業(yè)噸鋼綜合能耗進(jìn)一步降低至約 578kgce/t。由表可知，近年來重點統(tǒng)計鋼鐵企業(yè)球團(tuán)、轉(zhuǎn)爐、鋼加工工序能耗均呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢， 受環(huán)保要求日益嚴(yán)格的影響，燒結(jié)等工序因環(huán)保設(shè)備用電及用能量上升，導(dǎo)致工序能耗 沒有顯著降低甚至略有增加。 “十三五”期間，鋼鐵行業(yè)能耗指標(biāo)持續(xù)改善，資源、二次能源利用水平進(jìn)一步提 高。鋼鐵企業(yè)推行清潔生產(chǎn)、提高資源和二次能源利用效率，鋼渣利用率、高爐渣利用率、 含鐵塵泥利用率、高爐煤氣利用率、轉(zhuǎn)爐煤氣利用率和焦?fàn)t煤氣利用率等均保持較高水平。 (2) 污染物排放情況節(jié)能環(huán)保技術(shù)水平明顯提升。重點推廣了封閉料場或筒倉、除塵系統(tǒng)升級、出鐵場 無組織煙氣綜合治理、焦化污水處理提標(biāo)改造、綜合污水深度處理、冶金渣高效處理及 綜合利用等一批環(huán)保新技術(shù)、新設(shè)施。 主要鋼鐵企業(yè)的環(huán)境質(zhì)量明顯改善。越來越多的鋼鐵企業(yè)注重加強內(nèi)部環(huán)保管理， 加大廠區(qū)揚塵治理和料場規(guī)范管理，大力開展廠區(qū)綠化，加強環(huán)境治理整頓，環(huán)境績效 水平明顯提升，很多廠區(qū)“顏值”煥然一新，涌現(xiàn)了一大批“花園式”工廠、清潔生產(chǎn) 環(huán)境友好型工廠。 根據(jù)《中國鋼鐵工業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)統(tǒng)計月報》數(shù)據(jù)分析，我國 121 家重點大中型鋼鐵企 業(yè)平均噸鋼排放煙粉塵、SO2 和 NOx 大幅下降。 能源消費比重 各種能源消費占全國總量比例情況如表 1-3。根據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計局《2015 年國民經(jīng) 濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展統(tǒng)計公報》，2015 年粗鋼產(chǎn)量同比下降 2.2%、噸鋼綜合能耗同比下降 0.56%，行業(yè)能源消耗總量已成下降趨勢?！笆濉逼陂g預(yù)計煤炭和水量消耗是和粗 鋼產(chǎn)量成正比的，會隨著粗鋼產(chǎn)量的下降而呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢，且隨著行業(yè)控煤規(guī)劃的實施， “十三五”期間，煤炭占鋼鐵行業(yè)能源結(jié)構(gòu)的比重預(yù)計將逐漸下降。