首頁 > 資料下載 > 煤炭稅作為供應(yīng)側(cè)的氣候政策：主要出口國的理由？Coal taxes as supply-side climate policy: a rationale for major exporters?

煤炭稅作為供應(yīng)側(cè)的氣候政策：主要出口國的理由？Coal taxes as supply-side climate policy: a rationale for major exporters?

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更新時(shí)間：2021-09-16
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如果不及時(shí)從全球能源系統(tǒng)逐步淘汰有增無減的煤炭，就不可能按照《巴黎氣候變化協(xié)定》穩(wěn)定氣候系統(tǒng)。目前，煤炭占全球一次能源供應(yīng)的29%，產(chǎn)生全球44%的二氧化碳排放（氣候和能源解決方案中心）。盡管有碳捕獲和儲存技術(shù)，但這一轉(zhuǎn)變意味著全球煤炭需求大幅減少（Allen等人，2014年）。

The shift away from coal is at the heart of the global low-carbon transition. Can governments ofcoal-producingcountries help facilitate this transitionandbenefitfromit? This paper analyses the case for coal taxes as supply-side climate policy implemented by large coal exporting countries. Coal taxes can reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and benefit coalrich countries through improved terms-of-trade and tax revenue. We employ a multi-period equilibriummodelofthe internationalsteamcoalmarket to studyatax onsteamcoallevied by Australia alone, by a coalition of major exporting countries, by all exporters, and by all producers. A unilateral export tax has little impact on global emissions and global coal prices as other countries compensate for reduced export volumes from the taxing country. By contrast, a tax jointly levied by a coalition of major coal exporters would significantly reduce global emissions from steam coal and leave them with a net sector level welfare gain, approximated by the sum of producer surplus, consumer surplus, and tax revenue. Production taxes consistently yield higher tax revenues and have greater effects on global coal consumption with smaller rates of carbon leakages. Questions remain whether coal taxes by major suppliers would be politically feasible, even if they could yield economic benefits.

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