歐洲能源戰(zhàn)略:本土煤炭的重要性和最佳利用An Energy Strategy for Europe: Importance and Best Use of Indigenous Coal
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歐盟委員會在其第二次戰(zhàn)略能源審查(SER II)中正確地將重點放在了供應(yīng)安全上,并提到了煤炭的積極作用。這得到了2009年歐洲春季峰會的支持。委員會強調(diào),服務(wù)審查中提到的主要問題應(yīng)以具體行動計劃和政治措施為基礎(chǔ)。尤拉科爾認(rèn)為,最好地利用本地煤炭資源就是其中之一。在歐盟27國,硬煤和褐煤在一次能源消耗中占18%,在發(fā)電量中占29%。在一些會員國,這些份額要高得多。此外,硬煤還用于鋼鐵生產(chǎn)。無論是硬煤還是褐煤,以及選煤和改質(zhì)產(chǎn)品,都廣泛應(yīng)用于重要的工業(yè)部門。歐洲仍然是世界第三大煤炭消費地區(qū)。平均而言,上述份額仍有一半以上由本土生產(chǎn)所覆蓋,其余份額可從地緣政治穩(wěn)定的國家進入世界市場。在這方面,煤炭行業(yè)與石油和天然氣行業(yè)有很大不同,石油和天然氣行業(yè)都嚴(yán)重依賴進口(預(yù)計2010年石油和天然氣分別為86%和64%),由此帶來價格和供應(yīng)風(fēng)險。煤炭工業(yè)的穩(wěn)定性質(zhì)有助于歐盟能源供應(yīng)的安全。在未來,包括煤炭在內(nèi)的平衡能源結(jié)構(gòu)仍將是最大限度地降低能源供應(yīng)安全風(fēng)險的正確途徑,特別是電力供應(yīng)中斷。歐洲約80%的化石燃料儲備是硬煤和褐煤。這些儲備在大多數(shù)歐盟成員國都有。通過勘探和開采國內(nèi)煤炭,硬煤和褐煤產(chǎn)業(yè)不僅為歐盟的能源供應(yīng)做出了貢獻(xiàn),也為許多歐洲國家創(chuàng)造了地區(qū)財富和就業(yè)機會。
In its Second Strategic Energy Review (SER II) the European Commission rightly focussed on security of supply and mentioned the positive role of coal. This was backed by the European Spring 2009 summit. The Commission emphasised that the major issues mentioned in the SER should be underpinned by specific Action Plans and political measures. In EURACOAL’s opinion, the best use of indigenous coal resources is one of these issues. Hard coal and lignite have an 18 % share of Primary Energy Consumption and a 29 % share of Power Generation in EU 27. In some Member States, these shares are considerably higher. In addition, hard coal is used for steel production. Both hard coal and lignite as well as products from coal preparation and upgrading are widely used in important industry sectors. Europe is still the 3rd largest coal consuming region in the world. On average still more than half of the above-mentioned shares are covered by indigenous production, the rest is available on world markets from geopolitically stable countries. Here, the coal sector differs considerably from the oil and gas sectors, which both rely heavily on imports (86 % for oil and 64 % for gas respectively expected for 2010), with resulting price and supply risks. The stable nature of the coal industry contributes to security of energy supply in the European Union. In the future, a balanced energy mix including coal will remain the right approach to minimise security of energy supply risk, particularly electricity blackouts. About 80 % of Europe’s fossil fuel reserves are hard coal and lignite. These reserves can be found in most of the EU Member States. By prospecting and extracting domestic coal, the hard coal and lignite industries not only contribute to the EU’s energy supply, but also create regional wealth and employment in many European countries.
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