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首頁 > 資料下載 > 澳大利亞燃煤發(fā)電“剛剛過渡”的前景：從關閉哈澤爾伍德發(fā)電站中學習Prospects for a “just transition” away from coal-fired power generat
澳大利亞燃煤發(fā)電“剛剛過渡”的前景：從關閉哈澤爾伍德發(fā)電站中學習Prospects for a “just transition” away from coal-fired power generat 澳大利亞燃煤發(fā)電“剛剛過渡”的前景：從關閉哈澤爾伍德發(fā)電站中學習Prospects for a “just transition” away from coal-fired power generat

澳大利亞燃煤發(fā)電“剛剛過渡”的前景：從關閉哈澤爾伍德發(fā)電站中學習Prospects for a “just transition” away from coal-fired power generat

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  • 更新時間：2021-09-09
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在2017年3月相對突然關閉之前，位于維多利亞州拉特羅布山谷的哈澤爾伍德電站是澳大利亞碳排放最密集的發(fā)電站。它成為澳大利亞對煤炭依賴的象征，也是自2000年代中期以來圍繞氣候政策展開的激烈政治斗爭中的一個選舉戰(zhàn)場。2016年底，Hazelwood的所有者法國跨國電力公司Engie宣布，由于商業(yè)原因，將關閉該工廠，因此有點震驚。我們認為，澳大利亞的政治和經濟機構有助于解釋恩吉關閉核電站的自主決定、通知期短以及缺乏關閉前的政府過渡政策。這些機構不鼓勵長期的政策制定，并鼓勵針對邊緣選民的不成比例的尋票活動。然而，直截了當的“尋求投票”過于簡單化地解釋了在榛樹林關閉時宣布的過渡政策。特別重要的是，在過去幾年中，澳大利亞能源部門從煤炭向可再生能源的過渡實際上已經成為一種必然。這一趨勢的一個重要結果是，澳大利亞聯盟運動的立場轉變?yōu)槌珜А肮^渡”政策，使其更接近環(huán)境團體，并在某些情況下與環(huán)境團體結盟。

Until its relatively sudden closure in March 2017, the Hazelwood Power Station in Victoria’s Latrobe Valley was the most carbon-intensive electricity generator in Australia. It became a symbol of Australia’s reliance on coal and an electoral battleground in the bitter political struggles over climate policy that have raged since the mid-2000s. The announcement by Hazelwood’s owners, French multinational power company, Engie, in late 2016 that it would be closing the plant for commercial reasons, therefore came as somewhat of a shock. We argue that Australia’s political and economic institutions help to explain the autonomous decision of Engie to close the plant, the short notice period, and the lack of pre-closure government transition policy. These institutions discourage longterm policymaking and encourage a disproportionate amount of vote-seeking activity directed at marginal electorates. Straightforward “vote-seeking” is however too simplistic an explanation of the transition policies announced at the time of the Hazelwood closure. Of particular relevance is the fact that, over the last few years, the transition away from coal and towards renewable energy has become a virtual inevitability in the Australian energy sector. One important outcome of this trend has been the shift in position of the Australian union movement towards advocacy for “just transition” policies, bringing it both closer to—and, in some cases, in alliance with—environmental groups.

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