世界煤炭市場(chǎng)發(fā)展-世界煤炭生產(chǎn)和海運(yùn)貿(mào)易2013年，全球硬煤(煉焦煤和動(dòng)力煤)產(chǎn)量增速放緩，產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)定在71億噸至72億噸左右。 HARD COAL In Germany, 三 個(gè) 地下 煤礦 位于 North-RhineWestphalia. remain,2013年的硬煤產(chǎn)量預(yù)計(jì)為7.5噸，其中6.4噸用于發(fā)電，0.9噸用于鋼鐵生產(chǎn)，0.4噸用于其他用途。人力總數(shù)仍約為12,500人，但整個(gè)生產(chǎn)鏈運(yùn)作良好，這可以從非常樂(lè)觀的事故統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字中看出。在波蘭,有29個(gè)活躍的礦山在今年年底的15屬于Kompania W?glowa SA。2013年硬煤產(chǎn)量下降2.7噸，至76.5噸，主要是動(dòng)力煤產(chǎn)量下降。出口達(dá)9.6噸，其中大部分出口到歐盟國(guó)家，德國(guó)是歐盟最大的客戶(hù)，摩洛哥是歐盟以外的最大客戶(hù)。穩(wěn)定后在英國(guó),過(guò)去的幾年里,在17噸,產(chǎn)量大幅降低了4到5噸主要是由于在寒鴉軋機(jī)煤礦火災(zāi),最大的地下煤礦在英國(guó),導(dǎo)致關(guān)閉礦井也由于Maltby煤礦的關(guān)閉,因?yàn)槔щy的地質(zhì)條件。另一個(gè)事件是蘇格蘭煤炭公司的破產(chǎn)。在西班牙，煤炭行業(yè)正經(jīng)歷非常艱難的時(shí)期，2013年的總產(chǎn)量?jī)H為4.4萬(wàn)噸。一家公司已經(jīng)進(jìn)入清算階段，如果不就補(bǔ)貼做出決定，其它公司也將步其后塵。然而，卡邦認(rèn)為，2014年的煤炭產(chǎn)量可能會(huì)增加到約6噸。2013年，捷克共和國(guó)的硬煤產(chǎn)量略有下降(-2.8噸)，如果OKD管理層決定關(guān)閉2500名礦工工作的帕斯科夫(Paskov)無(wú)利可圖的煤礦，產(chǎn)量可能還會(huì)進(jìn)一步下降。在法國(guó)，煤炭開(kāi)采在近10年前就停止了，但該國(guó)每年仍進(jìn)口約17噸煤炭，其中約7噸用于發(fā)電。Coalfired 發(fā)電 能力 然而 預(yù)計(jì) 減少 一些 舊  coal-fired 發(fā)電廠 將 會(huì) 由于 需求 設(shè)置  by LCPD. 退役在鋼鐵行業(yè)，阿塞洛-米塔爾(ArcelorMittal)宣布關(guān)閉Florange鋼鐵廠;因此，煉焦煤進(jìn)口將減少。在烏克蘭，2013年的蒸汽和焦煤產(chǎn)量下降，原因是需求下降，其中一場(chǎng)大火摧毀了一座發(fā)電廠。政府希望限制煤炭進(jìn)口，保護(hù)本土生產(chǎn)，即使這項(xiàng)規(guī)定針對(duì)的是國(guó)有煤礦，而不是像大盾山這樣的私營(yíng)企業(yè)。褐煤不幸的是,德國(guó)褐煤產(chǎn)業(yè)受到嚴(yán)重攻擊從綠色政客和非政府組織,但聯(lián)邦憲法法院認(rèn)定褐煤是德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和財(cái)富創(chuàng)造的重要因素的擴(kuò)展Garzweiler我的,包括人的搬遷,是必要的和合法合理的。諾奇滕和威爾佐也面臨著類(lèi)似的決定，但可能會(huì)有積極的結(jié)果。捷克共和國(guó)的褐煤產(chǎn)量減少了3噸，不僅是因?yàn)殚_(kāi)采限制，還因?yàn)椴焕纳虡I(yè)策略和與發(fā)電廠的合同。在希臘，褐煤產(chǎn)量下降了約10%，這主要是由于一家老褐煤發(fā)電廠的停產(chǎn)和可再生能源部門(mén)的供應(yīng)增加，而該部門(mén)的氣候條件有利。波蘭的褐煤工業(yè)已探明儲(chǔ)量約為220億噸。特羅和Be?chatow電廠和煤礦屬于鉑族元素同時(shí)Adamow和Konin屬于PAK的私營(yíng)企業(yè)。在斯洛伐克，中部、南部和西部地區(qū)的褐煤儲(chǔ)量超過(guò)10億噸。

WORLD COAL MARKET DEVELOPMENTS - WORLD COAL PRODUCTION AND SEABORNE  TRADE The pace of growth in the global production of hard coal (coking coal and steam  coal) has slowed and output stabilised at around 7.1 to 7.2 billion tonnes in 2013.  HARD COAL In Germany, three underground hard coal mines remain, all located in North-RhineWestphalia. Hard coal output for 2013 is estimated at 7.5 Mt, of which 6.4 Mt went for  power generation, 0.9 Mt for iron and steel production and 0.4 Mt for other uses.  Manpower still totals some 12,500 workers, but the entire production chain works well,  as can be seen from the very positive accident statistics. In Poland, there were 29 active mines at the end of the year of which 15 belong to  Kompania W?glowa SA. Hard coal production in 2013 decreased by 2.7 Mt to 76.5 Mt – being mainly a fall in steam coal production. Exports amounted to 9.6 Mt, of  which the major part went to EU countries with Germany being the biggest customer  in the EU and Morocco beyond EU borders.  In the United Kingdom, after being stable for the last few years, at around 17 Mt,  production decreased sharply by 4 to 5 Mt due mainly to a fire at Daw Mill colliery,  the largest underground colliery in the UK, which resulted in the closure of the mine  and due also to the closure of Maltby colliery because of difficult geological  conditions. Another event was the liquidation of Scottish Coal. In Spain, the coal industry is undergoing very difficult times and total output in 2013  was just 4.4 Mt. One company has already gone into liquidation and others will follow if there is no decision on subsidies. Nevertheless, Carbunin believes that coal output  could increase in 2014 to some 6 Mt. In the Czech Republic hard coal production slightly decreased in 2013 (-2.8 Mt) and  will probably further decrease if the management of OKD decides to close the  unprofitable mine Paskov where 2,500 miners work.  In France, coal mining stopped almost a decade ago but the country still imports  about 17 Mt of coal each year of which around 7 Mt is for power generation. Coalfired power generation capacity is however expected to decrease as several old  coal-fired power plants will have to be decommissioned due to the requirements set  by the LCPD. In the steel sector, ArcelorMittal announced the closure of Florange  steel plant; coking coal imports will therefore decrease. In Ukraine, production of steam and coking coal decreased in 2013 due to demand  decreases, including a major fire which devastated one power plant. The  government wants to limit coal imports and protect indigenous production, even if  this regulation is aimed at state-owned mines and not directly at private companies  such as DTEK. LIGNITE Unfortunately, the German lignite industry is under serious attack from green  politicians and NGOs, but the Federal Constitutional Court nevertheless decided that  lignite was an important factor in Germany’s economy and wealth creation such  that the extension of Garzweiler mine, including the relocation of people, was  necessary and legally justified. Similar decisions are being faced in Nochten and  Welzow, but positive outcomes are likely.Lignite production in the Czech Republic decreased by 3 Mt due not only to  exploitation limits but also to unfavourable business strategies and contracts with  power plants. In Greece, lignite production decreased by some 10% due mainly to the  decommissioning of an old lignite-fired power plant and the increased supply from  the renewables sector which enjoyed favourable weather conditions. Poland’s lignite industry has proven deposits estimated at 22 billion tonnes. Turw and  Be?chatw power plants and mines belong to PGE whilst Adamw and Konin are  private companies belonging to PAK. In Slovakia, there are more than one billion tonnes of lignite reserves in central,  southern and western regions.