2015年1 月鄭州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工學(xué)版)Jan. 2015第36卷第1期Joumal of Zhengzhou University ( Engineering Science)Vol.36 No. 1文章編號(hào):1671 - 6833(2015)01 -0028 -05基于AspenPlus的煤氣化副產(chǎn)物粗酚的分離精制李惠萍'，李煥新'，李雪平”，張丹'，梁淑琴'，梁學(xué)博”(1.鄭州大學(xué)化工與能源學(xué)院,河南鄭州450001; 2. 河南煤氣集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司義馬氣化廠,河南三門峽472300)摘要: 針對(duì)煤氣化副產(chǎn)物粗酚的組分和組成特點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)了三塔和雙塔兩條連續(xù)減壓精餾工藝.借助Aspen Plus軟件對(duì)構(gòu)建的分離工藝進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的模擬研究,物性方法采用NRTL模型.首先利用DSTWU模塊簡(jiǎn)捷設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算得到了塔板數(shù)、回流比和采出量等操作參數(shù),對(duì)比得出適合該系統(tǒng)的分離工藝為雙塔精餾.然后利用RadFRAC模塊對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格模擬核算,最終得出雙塔B1和B2的塔板數(shù)分別為29和31;進(jìn)料塔板級(jí)數(shù)分別為15和16;回流比分別為2.87和2.44.在最佳操作條件下,所得產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量分:數(shù)分別為苯酚99.0% ,對(duì)(間)甲酚86.1%,二甲酚96.5%.本研究結(jié)果可為粗酚的實(shí)際分離工藝設(shè)計(jì)和操作過程提供參數(shù)依據(jù).關(guān)鍵詞:煤氣化粗酚;雙塔;三塔;減壓精餾;Aspen Plus模擬中圈分類號(hào): TQS23. 59文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: Adoi:10. 3969/j. isn. 1671 - 6833.2015. 01. 007離困難的粗酚系統(tǒng)分離進(jìn)行了模擬計(jì)算,擬為粗.0引言酚系統(tǒng)的精餾工藝設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)提供必要的基礎(chǔ)酚類化合物是重要的有機(jī)化工中間體及化工參數(shù).基礎(chǔ)原料,在醫(yī)藥、染料等領(lǐng)域都有著廣泛的應(yīng)用.1原料及組成魯奇(Lurgi)加壓生產(chǎn)城市煤氣的過程,煤氣發(fā)生、洗滌、冷卻過程中產(chǎn)生大量副產(chǎn)物粗酚(1],由于分粗酚由河南煤氣集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司義馬氣化離技術(shù)困難等原因,這部分副產(chǎn)物目前大部分低價(jià)廠提供,該廠以長(zhǎng)焰煤為原料,采用先進(jìn)的德國(guó)魯出售,嚴(yán)重污染環(huán)境.國(guó)內(nèi)酚類市場(chǎng)在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)奇加玉煤氣化工藝生產(chǎn)城市煤氣[8].系統(tǒng)而準(zhǔn)確間內(nèi)都處于相對(duì)緊缺的狀態(tài),且隨著石油資源的日地分析粗酚的組成是高效提取并合理利用酚類化益緊缺,國(guó)家對(duì)煤炭資源的綜合利用更加重視[2].合物的基礎(chǔ)工作,但是這些化合物的極性強(qiáng),揮發(fā)如果能將這些副產(chǎn)物加以分離、提純,必將提高其性低,所含同分異構(gòu)體性質(zhì)極為相似,色譜分離較產(chǎn)品附加值,增強(qiáng)社會(huì)及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益.開展對(duì)煤氣化為困難.通過查閱文獻(xiàn)[9-10]和實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比得出:副產(chǎn)物粗酚分離精制的研究,不僅能提高煤氣化行FFAP(30mxφ0.32mmx0.5μm)能實(shí)現(xiàn)酚類化業(yè)的整體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,而且還符合國(guó)家能源戰(zhàn)略的需合物的基線分離.采用GC7900色譜儀,色譜條件求.但粗酚系酚類同系物,組成復(fù)雜,沸點(diǎn)又十分相為:FID檢測(cè)器250C,柱溫170C,氣化室溫度近,對(duì)其分離存在極大困難')].240C.粗酚氣相進(jìn)樣結(jié)果見圖1,通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物定AspenPlus是一款功能強(qiáng)大的工藝模擬軟性及內(nèi)標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線法最終確定了粗酚的組成,見件,廣泛應(yīng)用于化工流程設(shè)計(jì)和新工藝開發(fā),結(jié)合表1.利用這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)化工工藝全流程的模擬2工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化'4].此外,AspenPlus擁有最完善的物性數(shù)據(jù)庫,包含六千多種純組分的物性數(shù)據(jù),它還具有為了得到純度較高的單一酚產(chǎn)物，筆者針對(duì)超強(qiáng)的熱力學(xué)計(jì)算系統(tǒng),以及各種單元操作模煤氣化副產(chǎn)物粗酚的組成和組分特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了三塔塊[5-6]. 筆者借助Aspen工程軟件對(duì)成分復(fù)雜、分和雙塔連續(xù)精餾工藝，擬通過對(duì)比得出實(shí)現(xiàn)高純收稿日期:2014 -09 -23 ;修訂日期:2014-11-14中國(guó)煤化工、基金項(xiàng)目:河南省重大公益科研資助項(xiàng)目(101100910200) ;河南省自然作者簡(jiǎn)介:李惠萍(1958-),女,河南洛寧人,鄭州大學(xué)教授,博士,主要;MYHCN MH G物的資源化利用方面的研究,E mail: huipingli@ zzu. edu. cn..第1期李惠萍,等:基于AspenPlus的煤氣化副產(chǎn)物粗酚的分離精制29 .度產(chǎn)品分離、操作費(fèi)用及設(shè)備費(fèi)用較低的最佳工如圖2所示,其中B1為苯酚塔,B2為鄰一甲藝AspenPlus提供了DSTWU、Distl等多種塔模酚塔,B3為對(duì)-甲酚塔.在三塔簡(jiǎn)捷計(jì)算中根據(jù)組型來計(jì)算和模擬精餾塔,DSTWU模塊可通過確定分沸點(diǎn)的差異初步確定各塔的輕、重關(guān)鍵組分及輕、重關(guān)鍵組分在塔頂?shù)幕厥章始盎亓鞅鹊戎匾p關(guān)鍵組分質(zhì)量回收率,見表2. .參數(shù)對(duì)最小回流比、最少塔板數(shù)、理論塔板數(shù)、進(jìn)表2三塔初步確定的輕、1 關(guān)鍵組分及回收率料位置等操作條件進(jìn)行初步設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算1",該模塊Tab.2 Light and heavy key components and recovery計(jì)算精度不高,常用于初步設(shè)計(jì),但其計(jì)算結(jié)果可for three columns為嚴(yán)格精餾計(jì)算提供合適的初值12].輕關(guān)鍵輕關(guān)鍵組分重關(guān)鍵增700/組分回收率/%500自400B苯酚98鄰-甲酚出30095對(duì)-甲酚號(hào)200引|000就二甲酚5時(shí)間/min在上述條件下,用DSTWU模塊計(jì)算后得知,圖1 粗酚的氣相色譜圖由于鄰-甲酚含量低,對(duì)分離要求較高,故先對(duì)塔Fig.1 The GC spectra of crude phenolB2進(jìn)行靈敏度分析回收率與回流比和實(shí)際塔板數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,如圖3所示.表1粗酚中主要組分的質(zhì)量百分比Tab.1 the main components of the crude phenol40r →實(shí)際回流比保留時(shí)間/min化合物名稱相對(duì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)/%一實(shí)際塔板數(shù)5.21733. 22出5.35室3(5.0065.216.404間甲酚13.675.25-6.55714. 10其它二甲酚等33.80，5.20-5.15L三塔和雙塔均采用液體進(jìn)料，進(jìn)料溫度為600.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 T.0C,壓力101. 325 kPa,進(jìn)料量為100 kg/h.冷凝器塔B2輕組分的回收率均采用全凝器”] ,塔頂、塔釜的壓力均為10 kPa,圈3塔B2輕組分的 回收率與回流比和塔板數(shù)的關(guān)系Fig.3 The relationship between the light key物性方法采用NRTL模型,該模型可用來描述非component recoveries and reflux ratio and理想溶液的氣液平衡和液液平衡.即可用來模擬plate number in column B2計(jì)算極性與非極性化合物組成的混合物體系,甚.至是高度非理想體系(13-141.由于間、對(duì)甲酚的沸從圖3可以看出,隨著輕組分鄰-甲酚回收率點(diǎn)僅相差0.3 C ,難以分離,故可將其看作一個(gè)虛的增加,實(shí)際塔板數(shù)曲線斜率也逐漸增大,即實(shí)際擬組分,用對(duì)(間)甲酚來代替.二甲酚則用含量塔板數(shù)迅速增大,而回流比的變化比較緩慢.由此較大且沸點(diǎn)等性質(zhì)位于中間的3,5-二甲酚來可見,輕組分回收率對(duì)實(shí)際塔板數(shù)的影響較大,而對(duì)回流比的影響比較小.在實(shí)驗(yàn)和設(shè)計(jì)中要想得替代.2.1基于DSTWU模塊的三塔串聯(lián)的簡(jiǎn)捷設(shè)計(jì)到95%和0.5%的質(zhì)量回收率,塔板數(shù)不應(yīng)該低于25,否則會(huì)造成過高的回流比,耗能增加.經(jīng)過計(jì)算多次模擬,三塔簡(jiǎn)捷計(jì)算所得各個(gè)物流信息見表圖2為三塔串聯(lián)工藝流程.3,所得工藝參數(shù)結(jié)果見表4.-D1-D3一<>2.2基于DSTWU模塊的雙塔串聯(lián)的簡(jiǎn)捷設(shè)計(jì)*-FEED-雙塔操中國(guó)煤化工等與2.1中圖2三塔串聯(lián)工藝流程三塔精餾相TYHCNMHG:其中B1為苯酚塔,B2為對(duì)中時(shí)培,仕龍拌牡、重關(guān)鍵組分時(shí)Fig.2 Flowsheet of three-colums distillation process忽略鄰甲酚,輕重關(guān)鍵組分及回收率見表5,經(jīng)過.30鄭州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工學(xué)版)2015年多次模擬計(jì)算所得的工藝參數(shù)見表6.綜合考慮設(shè)備投資、操作管理、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等各方面因素,得出雙塔精餾工藝更適合這類粗酚體系.表3三塔的物料及能量衡算結(jié)果Tab.3 The results of material and energy balance表6雙塔筒捷模擬所得工藝參數(shù)進(jìn)料Tab.6 The process parameters with two columns項(xiàng)目FEEDDD2D3塔釜所塔板回流進(jìn)料.溫度/°C60.0113.8117.4131.1塔需熱量/ D/F數(shù)比壓力/kPa0110摩爾流量/312:1. 9501519. 6820. 3870.935 0. 3360. 0640. 247(kmol.h")B222. 0761613. 4850. 496焓/kJ-168.1 -42.21 - 10.55 -41.15苯酚質(zhì)0.332 0. 99990. 2462x 10-*3基于RadFRAC模塊的雙塔串聯(lián)的嚴(yán)格量分?jǐn)?shù)鄰甲酚校核計(jì)算質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)0.052 8x10-6 0.7330.010RadFRAC模塊是Aspen Plus中一個(gè)嚴(yán)格的對(duì)甲酚0.2780.0210. 984用于模擬所有類型的多級(jí)氣液分餾操作的模型.它對(duì)氣液兩相混合存在、具備強(qiáng)非理想非線性的二甲酚0. 338-5x10”0. 006體系都能實(shí)現(xiàn)良好的模擬計(jì)算,能夠模擬不同類型的多級(jí)氣液分離操作[5.15),因此為了得出精確24 三塔簡(jiǎn)捷模擬所得工藝參數(shù)的工藝參數(shù),進(jìn)一步選取RadFRAC模塊對(duì)上述雙Tab.4 The process parameters with three columns塔精餾工藝進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格的校核計(jì)算.現(xiàn)通過DSTWU設(shè)計(jì)模塊對(duì)雙塔設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行初位置D/F步校算,并利用RadFRAC模塊對(duì)初步計(jì)算出的結(jié)/kWB119.813:30. 9430. 340果進(jìn)行精確核算,通過精確核算的結(jié)果與原設(shè)計(jì)25.237. 5080. 132結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果相差比較大,見表7.如B3242. 5113. 4370.461苯酚在簡(jiǎn)捷設(shè)計(jì)模塊中的質(zhì)量純度為是91.5% ,嚴(yán)格計(jì)算模塊運(yùn)行的結(jié)果是85.7%,因此需要對(duì)_-D1-<>D2}->各塔的參數(shù)進(jìn)行調(diào)整.-FEED-表7簡(jiǎn)捷計(jì)算和嚴(yán) 格計(jì)算物流結(jié)果-W2}- -<>Tab.7 The streams results for DSTWU and RadFRAC簡(jiǎn)捷計(jì)算嚴(yán)格計(jì)算圖4雙塔連續(xù)精餾工藝流程Fig.4 Flowsheet of two-columns distillation process苯酚0.915 0.054 0. 8570.0130.081 0. 0790. 0980.047表5雙塔初步確定的輕、1 關(guān)鍵組分及回收率0.004 0. 8610.045 0. 850Tab.5 Light and heavy key components and9x10-6 0.006 6x10-60.090recovery for two columns輕關(guān)鍵輕關(guān)鍵組分回重關(guān)鍵RadFRAC模塊不僅可以進(jìn)行校核計(jì)算,也可組分收率/%以進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算,即通過DesignSpecs來規(guī)定塔9對(duì)-甲酚的操作要求，如通過調(diào)節(jié)回流比或塔頂(底)產(chǎn)品對(duì)一甲酚與進(jìn)料的流率比(D/F)的大小來控制產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)由表3可以得知,B2塔頂?shù)玫降漠a(chǎn)品鄰-甲量.由此,可設(shè)置塔B1中苯酚的質(zhì)量純度為酚純度僅為73.3%,而實(shí)現(xiàn)這么低純度的分離所99. 0% ,回流比的變化范圍暫定為1 ~10,結(jié)果可需要的塔板數(shù)和回流比分別為25和5.23,對(duì)比.得,回流比為了7立口港昌公市西求,通過Rad-中國(guó)煤化1表4和表6,并結(jié)合煤氣化副產(chǎn)物粗酚的組成特FRAC模塊}雙塔連續(xù)精:1YH，CNMH (點(diǎn)可知:實(shí)際操作時(shí),若將原料中的鄰-甲酚分離MIL度分布曲線出來,其操作費(fèi)用和設(shè)備投資費(fèi)用都較高.所以，及塔內(nèi)氣相組成分布情況分別見圖5和圖6..第1期李惠萍,等:基于AspenPlus的煤氣化副產(chǎn)物粗酚的分離精制31表8模擬計(jì)算工藝參數(shù)為該工藝流程的開發(fā)建立了基礎(chǔ).Tab.8 The simulation process parameters參考文獻(xiàn):B1(R=2. 87,B2(R=2.44,參數(shù)N=29)N=31)[1] 李雪平，續(xù)靜靜，苗建林，等.煤氣化廢水酚氨分塔頂塔底塔頂塔底離回收系統(tǒng)的流程改造[J].河南化工, 2012,29.溫度/C113.81 134.25 126.10 143. 60(17):50-52.熱負(fù)荷/kW - 16.79-14.9[2] 葛宜掌.煤低溫?zé)峤庖后w產(chǎn)物中的酚類化合物28.44 71. 5730.06 41.52 .[J].煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化, 1997, 20(1): 14-19.(kg.h")[3] 孫琪娟，馬曉迅，孫長(zhǎng)順,等.陜北中低溫煤焦油135中酚類化合物的提取與分離研究[J].應(yīng)用化工,2013 ,42(4):713 -716.130[4]張哲， 盧濤.基于Aspen Plus 的常壓蒸餾裝置流程e 125優(yōu)化[J].北京化工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版, 2009,36(B11): 109-112.120[5]李蓓.AspenPlus在精餾操作分析中的應(yīng)用[J].11科技創(chuàng)新與應(yīng)用,2013(26): 32 -32.[6] MORE R K, BULASARA V K, UPPALURIR, et al.26 引Optimization of crude dillation system using aspenBI塔板數(shù)plus: Effect of binary feed selection on grass - root de-圖5塔B1內(nèi)塔板上溫度變化曲線sign[J]. 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Aspen plus模擬環(huán)丁砜萃取精餾苯模塊對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行模擬核算,并結(jié)合應(yīng)用模型乙烯工芒過翠[1文魚三油化T_ _2009, 37(3):中國(guó)煤化工82-分析工具,最終得到了滿足分離要求的工藝參數(shù)，YHCNMHG.32鄭州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工學(xué)版)2015年Separation of Gasification Byproducts Crude Phenol Based on Aspen PlusLI Hui-ping'，LI Huan-xin' , LI Xue-ping2 , ZHANG Dan' , LIANG Shu-qin' , LIANG Xue-bo2(1. School of Chemical Engineeing and Energy , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001, China; 2. Yima Gasification Plant,Henan Gas ( Group) Co. Ld. Yima , Sanmenxia 472300, China)Abstract: In this paper, the three towers and two towers continuous vacuum disllation process were designedpreliminarily according to the component characteristics of the coal gasification by-products of crude phenols.The separation process was studied systenatically by using aspen pus with the NRTL property method. DSTWUsimple design model was used to calculate the required process parameters firstly, and the appropriate processfor the separation of the system was determined by comparing the obtained parameters. And then, RadFRACmodel was used to carry out the strict checking of the results of parameters, the process parameters (i. e.numbers of the column, the feed stage number, and the reflux ratio) of the two towers was obtained eventual-ly, and the main operating parameters and working conditions was also determined. It was designed to estab.lish a foundation for the process development.Key words: crude phenols of coal gasification; two columns; three columns; reduced pressure ditillation;aspen plus simulation(上接第27頁)[7]趙博. Ansof12在工程電磁場(chǎng)中的應(yīng)用[M].北京: [10] 趙文祥,程明，花為,等雙凸極永磁電機(jī)故障分析中國(guó)水利水電出版社,2011:10-45..與容錯(cuò)控制策略[J].電工技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào),2009 ,24(4):[8] 朱喜華,李穎暉,張敬，等.基于Ansoft的永磁同步71 -77 ,91.電機(jī)早期匝間短路故障分析[J].大電機(jī)技術(shù),2010 [11] 高愛云,錢武,蔡澤祥,等.有限元法在電動(dòng)機(jī)匝間(5) :35 - 39.短路故障診斷中的應(yīng)用[J].電氣制造,2009(1):68[9]齊蓉,陳明.永磁容錯(cuò)電機(jī)及容錯(cuò)驅(qū)動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)研究-69.[J].西北工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2005 ,23(4) :475 -478.Analysis Of One-Phase Short-Circuit Performances of Dual Three-PhasePermanent Magnet Brushless Ac MotorQI Ge, BAI Zuo-xia, LIU Xian-lin, SHI Li( School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China)Abstract: The electromagnetic performance of the electromagnetic field distribution, flux linkage, current,and output torque and so on are analyzed, when dual three -phase motor is in fault condition of short-cireuit ofone phase winding. At the same time, it is compared with traditional three-phase motor. Results indicate thatcoupling between phases of dual three-phase motor is very weak. In fault condition, the fault phase of dualthree-phase motor dose not afect normal operation of n-fault phase which makes it can still continue to workwithin the acceptable range. So dual three _phase motor does not have to stop on the way , and has a certain tol-erance, and is applicable to the occasion which has special requirements for motor.Key words: dual three -phase; permanent magnet machine ; faul-tolerant performance; one-phase short-cir-cuit中國(guó)煤化工MHCNMHG.