Axial compression stress, produced by the pre-tightening force of a bolt, is a necessary condition for surrounding rock to form a whole structure. For this study, we built a mechanical model for an end-anchorage bolt, which represented the effect of a bolt on the surrounding rock in roadways in order to obtain its elastic solution. Simultaneously, we analyzed factors affecting the axial compression of the bolt on the surrounding rock and obtained the axial stress contours of the anchorage area through this elastic solution. The results indicate that 1) the axial compression stress in the anchorage area is proportional to the pre-tightening force and confirms the rule that stress declines sharply with the increase in axial distance from the bolt, with an effective stress radius of 1 m;2) the maximum axial compression stress declines first and then rises with the increase in depth from the surface of the anchorage surrounding rock and 3) the size of the axial compression area is mainly determined by the length of the bolt.