A kind of photoelectric system that is suitable to measuring and to testing the damage of the composite material intelligent structure was presented. It can measure the degree of damage of the composite intelligent structure and it also can tell us the damage position in the structure. This system consists of two parts: software and hardware. Experiments of the damage detection and the analysis of the composite material structure with the photoelectric system were performed, and a series of damage detection experiments was conducted. The results prove that the performance of the system is well and the effects of the measure and test are evident. Through all the experiments, the damage detection technology and test system are approved to be real-time, effective and reliable in the damage detection of the composite intelligent structure.