A two-scale analysis (TSA) method for predicting the heat transfer performance of composite materials with the random distribution of same-scale grains is presented. First the representation of the materials with the random distribution is briefly described. Then the two-scale analysis formulation of heat transfer behavior of the materials with random grain distribution of small periodicity is formally derived by means of construction way for each cell. Finally the numerical result on the heat transfer parameters of composite materials is shown. The numerical result shows that TSA is effective to predict the heat transfer performance of composite materials with random grain distribution.