The recent progresses in the surfaee modification of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) using such advanced surface modification technologies as conventional ion implantation (CⅡ), new plasma immersion ion implantation (PⅢ) and novel active screen plasma (ASP), were all reported. Significantly improved wear resistance was achieved, which has great potential for extending the life-span of joint replacement prostheses and enhancing the performance of such sports equipment as skis and snowboards.