23Hazard Identification 認出風(fēng)險Carry out work in the slag industry involves a variety of risks. 礦渣工業(yè)的運作產(chǎn)生不同的危害Maintaining a safe working environment means being aware of these risks and controlling them. 若要有一個安全的工作環(huán)境, 便要注意及控制所有的危害4Hazard Identification = Risk Evaluation 認出危害 = 風(fēng)險評估This training exercise will enable you to: 這次訓(xùn)練是希望你們能:Define the terms - risk, hazard, hazard effect, and probability. 明白甚麼是「危害」、「嚴重性」、「可能性」及「風(fēng)險」Carry out a practical risk assessment for a given task. 工作前進行風(fēng)險評估List the sources of potential hazards associated with plant isolations. 認出危害，找出減少危害的方法5Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估Every activity has some risk attached to it. 每項活動均有風(fēng)險As the picture below shows, no activity is absolutely safe. Risk is associated with every aspect of daily life. 像以下的圖片, 沒有一項活動是絕對安全。我們?nèi)粘Ｉ羁倳龅讲煌潭鹊娘L(fēng)險6Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估Although there are risks associated with every activity people still carry them out - why? 雖然我們每項活動都存有風(fēng)險, 但為什么我們?nèi)匀灰^續(xù)?The chances of the hazard occurring are small. 危害發(fā)生的機會很低The possible effect of the hazard is small. 該危害的影響程度很細The associated risks are acceptable. 有關(guān)的風(fēng)險是可接受7Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估Would you fly to a holiday destination? 你會否坐飛機到外地旅遊?In deciding whether you would fly or not to a holiday destination, you may have considered a number of things. 旅遊前，決定是否坐飛機, 你可能會考慮很多事情 。。。What could go wrong? 會有什么事?What will happen if it does go wrong, and how serious will it be? 如果真的有事發(fā)生,會有多嚴重? How likely is it to go wrong? 發(fā)生的可能性有多大? 8Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估To decide whether it is safe to carry out an activity, it is necessary to assess the hazard, the affects of the hazards, and their probabilities. 在考慮進行一項活動是否安全時, 必須認出危害、它的嚴重性及可能性Hazards, Hazard Effects and Probability. 危害、嚴重性及可能性9Risk Evaluation風(fēng)險評估The work HAZARD refers to the things which could go wrong when carrying out a task or activity. 危害是指當(dāng)進行一項工作或活動時會否出錯There is no foolproof way to identify all the hazards associated with an activity, although experience is an advantage. 實際上，未必可以把全部的危害認出，但若是有經(jīng)驗，會有很大的幫助，10Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估Thinking about the sorts of thing which could happen as a result of the activity will highlight potential hazards. 從不同角度考慮活動可能發(fā)生的問題,認出它的有關(guān)危害One way to identify potential hazards is to ask the question, What if? 認出潛在危害是要多問問題 “如果這樣的話…..會有甚麼事情發(fā)生…..”11Risk Evaluation風(fēng)險評估When carrying out an activity, hazards may come from a variety of sources. 當(dāng)進行一個活動時, 可能遇上不同程度的危害Tools or equipment 工具或機器 Time 時間 Location 地點 Materials 物資 Adjacent activities 毗鄰活動 The activity 該活動 12Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估When identifying hazards, the activity should not be considered in isolation. 當(dāng)認出危害的時候, 不應(yīng)將該工作獨立來看The hazards may not be the same each time a task is carried out. 每項工作，當(dāng)在不同時間進行時, 都可能會有不同的危害13Risk Evaluation風(fēng)險評估To decide whether it is safe to carry out an activity, it is necessary to identify the hazard, the affects of the hazards, and their probabilities. 在判斷一項活動是否安全時, 必須認出危害、考慮它的嚴重性及其可能性Lets look at each picture above to learn more about hazards, hazard effects and probability. 以上圖片, 就是講述危害、它的嚴重性及可能性 ü14Risk Evaluation風(fēng)險評估The term hazard effect relates to the consequences of a particular hazard arising. 危害的嚴重性是指危害可能導(dǎo)至的后果What will happen if the activity goes wrong….. 如果事情出錯會怎樣…And how serious will it be? 及其嚴重性?15Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估The hazard effect may be short term or long term. 危害可造成短期或長期的破壞It may also be immediate or delayed, which will give people time to escape. 這些破壞可能是突然發(fā)生（沒時間逃生）, 亦可能經(jīng)過一斷長時間才發(fā)生（有時間逃生）16Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估The hazard effect may result in ... 危害的嚴重性可能會導(dǎo)致…People being hurt 員工受傷 17Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估The hazard effect can be described as ... 危害的嚴重性可能會是…Medium 中等 Large 重大 Small 輕微 18Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估To decide whether it is safe to carry out an activity, it is necessary to assess the hazard, the affects of the hazards, and their probabilities. 在判斷一項活動是否安全時, 必須認出危害、考慮它的嚴重性及其可能性üüLets look at the next picture above to learn more about hazards, hazard effects and probability. 我們再繼序了解更多有關(guān)危害、它的嚴重性及可能性19Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估 Probability is the likelihood of something occurring. 可能性就是指事情發(fā)生的機會有多大Probability is used in lots of everyday activities. 我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪薪?jīng)?？紤]到事故發(fā)生的“可能性”12354620In a risk assessment, probability refers to the likelihood of a particular hazard arising. 在風(fēng)險評估中, 可能性是指危害會發(fā)生的機會For example, when an activity is carried out, the likelihood of a particular hazard occurring may be: 舉例說, 進行一項活動時, 發(fā)生事故的可能性是:Every time 經(jīng)常One time out of a hundred 百分之一的機會Once in a lifetime 一生一次One time out of ten 十分之一的機會Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估21Risk Assessment 風(fēng)險評估The probability of a particular hazard arising may be influenced by the... 危害發(fā)生的可能性是跟以下情況有關(guān):22The probability of a particular hazard arising can be described as... 危害發(fā)生的可能性可分為….Small 低 Large 高Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估23TRUE 正確FALSE 錯誤Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估24QSelect True or False for the following statement. “In risk assessment, probability refers to the consequences of a particular hazard arising”. 在以下句子中, 是正確還是錯誤: “在風(fēng)險評估中, 可能性是指危害發(fā)生可能導(dǎo)至的后果”TRUE 正確FALSE 錯誤Yes. In risk assessment, probability is the likelihood of a particular hazard arising. The consequences of a particular hazard arising are the hazard effects. 正確。在風(fēng)險評估中, “可能性”是指危害可能會發(fā)生的機會。而嚴重性是指危害發(fā)生可能導(dǎo)至的后果。Risk Evaluation25To decide whether it is safe to carry out an activity, it is necessary to assess the hazard, the affects of the hazards, and their probabilities. 在判斷一項活動是否安全時, 必須認出危害、考慮它的嚴重性及其可能性üüüYou have now found out about hazards, hazard effects and probability. 現(xiàn)在，你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)明白什么是危害、嚴重性及可能性。 Lets find out how these elements are used in risk assessment. 讓我們一起看看如何應(yīng)用這些元素去進行危險評估Risk Evaluation 風(fēng)險評估26The risk is calculated by multiplying the Hazard Effect by the Probability of it occurring. 計算風(fēng)險是將危害的嚴重性與可能性相成RISK = HAZARD EFFECT x PROBABILITY 風(fēng)險 = 嚴重性 x 可能性Risk Evaluation Risk Assessment 風(fēng)險評估 風(fēng)險計算27Risk Assessment 風(fēng)險計算 When the two values are not the same, the risk is calculated as being the higher of the two... 在嚴重性跟可能性是不一樣，計算風(fēng)險時，便取兩者中的較高值Unless one is high and the other is low, in which case the risk is medium. 但如果兩個數(shù)值，一個是高，一個是低, 它們的風(fēng)險為中H = High高 M = Medium中 L = Low低For example if the hazard effect is medium and the probability is low, the risk is medium rather than low. 舉例說, 如嚴重性是中, 可能性是低, 相應(yīng)風(fēng)險為中而不是低28Risk Assessment 風(fēng)險計算 Although there is some risk associated with all activity, there are a number of ways in which it might be reduced, for example by …. 雖然每一個活動都有相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險，我們可以使用不同的方法把風(fēng)險減少,比如:Taking appropriate precautions. 采用適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)防措施Changing the approach. 改變處理的方法29Risk Assessment 風(fēng)險計算 Even after suitable precautions have been taken, procedures followed, and where necessary the approach changed, there may still be some risk associated with the task. 就算已采用適當(dāng)?shù)姆李A(yù)措施、遵守程序、甚至就需要而改變了處理方法后,有關(guān)的工作亦可能有風(fēng)險The remaining risk is referred to as the residual risk. 這些余下的風(fēng)險就叫做 ”剩余風(fēng)險”The residual risk may be ……. 剩余風(fēng)險可能是…. Large 高30Risk Assessment 風(fēng)險計算 To carry out a simple risk assessment for a task, you need to….. 工作前，進行的風(fēng)險評估, 我們需要…Identify the hazards 確認危險Make final assessment and decide whether to proceed. 進行最后評估並決定該活動是否應(yīng)該進行Assess the hazard effects, probability and risk 認出危、它的嚴重性、可能性及風(fēng)險1234531Risk AssessmentThe risk is calculated by multiplying the Hazard Effect by the Probability of it occurring. 計算風(fēng)險是將危害的嚴重性與可能性相成RISK = HAZARD EFFECT x PROBABILITY 風(fēng)險 = 嚴重性 x 可能性32Risk AssessmentWhen the two values are not the same, the risk is calculated as being the higher of the two... 在嚴重性跟可能性是不一樣，計算風(fēng)險時，便取兩者中的較高值Unless one is high and the other is low, in which case the risk is medium. 但如果兩個數(shù)值，一個是高，一個是低, 它們的風(fēng)險為中H = High高 M = Medium中 L = Low低For example if the hazard effect is medium and the probability is low, the risk is medium rather than low. 舉例說, 如嚴重性是中, 可能性是低, 相應(yīng)風(fēng)險為中而不是低33Risk Assessment SummaryIn a risk assessment ... 在一個危險評估中…a hazard is something which could go wrong when carrying out a task 危害是當(dāng)執(zhí)行一個任務(wù)時因出錯而產(chǎn)生的the consequences of a particular hazard arising is a hazard effect 嚴重性是危害所造成的后果Risk = hazard effect x probability 風(fēng)險 = 嚴重性 x 可能性